]> Dogcows Code - chaz/tar/blobdiff - src/extract.c
Merge changes from gnulib for file system sub-second time stamps.
[chaz/tar] / src / extract.c
index ec483050aae2cc495b6a10b615c33bcb091fa3d7..80f2f9ceec68d1616d311680c6537e30cb83b348 100644 (file)
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /* Extract files from a tar archive.
 
    Copyright (C) 1988, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000,
-   2001, 2003 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   2001, 2003, 2004, 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
    Written by John Gilmore, on 1985-11-19.
 
 
    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
    with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
-   59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.  */
+   51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.  */
 
-#include "system.h"
+#include <system.h>
 #include <quotearg.h>
+#include <utimens.h>
 #include <errno.h>
-
-#if HAVE_UTIME_H
-# include <utime.h>
-#else
-struct utimbuf
-  {
-    long actime;
-    long modtime;
-  };
-#endif
+#include <xgetcwd.h>
 
 #include "common.h"
 
-bool we_are_root;              /* true if our effective uid == 0 */
+static bool we_are_root;       /* true if our effective uid == 0 */
 static mode_t newdir_umask;    /* umask when creating new directories */
 static mode_t current_umask;   /* current umask (which is set to 0 if -p) */
 
@@ -56,8 +48,8 @@ enum permstatus
 /* List of directories whose statuses we need to extract after we've
    finished extracting their subsidiary files.  If you consider each
    contiguous subsequence of elements of the form [D]?[^D]*, where [D]
-   represents an element where AFTER_SYMLINKS is nonzero and [^D]
-   represents an element where AFTER_SYMLINKS is zero, then the head
+   represents an element where AFTER_LINKS is nonzero and [^D]
+   represents an element where AFTER_LINKS is zero, then the head
    of the subsequence has the longest name, and each non-head element
    in the prefix is an ancestor (in the directory hierarchy) of the
    preceding element.  */
@@ -69,28 +61,31 @@ struct delayed_set_stat
     size_t file_name_len;
     mode_t invert_permissions;
     enum permstatus permstatus;
-    bool after_symlinks;
+    bool after_links;
     char file_name[1];
   };
 
 static struct delayed_set_stat *delayed_set_stat_head;
 
-/* List of symbolic links whose creation we have delayed.  */
-struct delayed_symlink
+/* List of links whose creation we have delayed.  */
+struct delayed_link
   {
-    /* The next delayed symbolic link in the list.  */
-    struct delayed_symlink *next;
+    /* The next delayed link in the list.  */
+    struct delayed_link *next;
 
     /* The device, inode number and last-modified time of the placeholder.  */
     dev_t dev;
     ino_t ino;
     time_t mtime;
 
-    /* The desired owner and group of the symbolic link.  */
+    /* True if the link is symbolic.  */
+    bool is_symlink;
+
+    /* The desired owner and group of the link, if it is a symlink.  */
     uid_t uid;
     gid_t gid;
 
-    /* A list of sources for this symlink.  The sources are all to be
+    /* A list of sources for this link.  The sources are all to be
        hard-linked together.  */
     struct string_list *sources;
 
@@ -98,7 +93,7 @@ struct delayed_symlink
     char target[1];
   };
 
-static struct delayed_symlink *delayed_symlink_head;
+static struct delayed_link *delayed_link_head;
 
 struct string_list
   {
@@ -113,7 +108,19 @@ extr_init (void)
   we_are_root = geteuid () == 0;
   same_permissions_option += we_are_root;
   same_owner_option += we_are_root;
-  xalloc_fail_func = extract_finish;
+
+  /* Save 'root device' to avoid purging mount points.
+     FIXME: Should the same be done after handling -C option ? */
+  if (one_file_system_option)
+    {
+      struct stat st;
+      char *dir = xgetcwd ();
+
+      if (deref_stat (true, dir, &st))
+       stat_diag (dir);
+      else
+       root_device = st.st_dev;
+    }
 
   /* Option -p clears the kernel umask, so it does not affect proper
      restoration of file permissions.  New intermediate directories will
@@ -188,15 +195,30 @@ set_mode (char const *file_name,
 
 /* Check time after successfully setting FILE_NAME's time stamp to T.  */
 static void
-check_time (char const *file_name, time_t t)
+check_time (char const *file_name, struct timespec t)
 {
-  time_t now;
-  if (t <= 0)
+  if (t.tv_sec <= 0)
     WARN ((0, 0, _("%s: implausibly old time stamp %s"),
-          file_name, tartime (t)));
-  else if (start_time < t && (now = time (0)) < t)
-    WARN ((0, 0, _("%s: time stamp %s is %lu s in the future"),
-          file_name, tartime (t), (unsigned long) (t - now)));
+          file_name, tartime (t, true)));
+  else if (timespec_cmp (start_time, t) < 0)
+    {
+      struct timespec now;
+      gettime (&now);
+      if (timespec_cmp (now, t) < 0)
+       {
+         unsigned long int ds = t.tv_sec - now.tv_sec;
+         int dns = t.tv_nsec - now.tv_nsec;
+         char dnsbuf[sizeof ".FFFFFFFFF"];
+         if (dns < 0)
+           {
+             dns += 1000000000;
+             ds--;
+           }
+         code_ns_fraction (dns, dnsbuf);
+         WARN ((0, 0, _("%s: time stamp %s is %lu%s s in the future"),
+                file_name, tartime (t, true), ds, dnsbuf));
+       }
+    }
 }
 
 /* Restore stat attributes (owner, group, mode and times) for
@@ -220,8 +242,6 @@ set_stat (char const *file_name,
          mode_t invert_permissions, enum permstatus permstatus,
          char typeflag)
 {
-  struct utimbuf utimbuf;
-
   if (typeflag != SYMTYPE)
     {
       /* We do the utime before the chmod because some versions of utime are
@@ -235,19 +255,16 @@ set_stat (char const *file_name,
 
          /* FIXME: incremental_option should set ctime too, but how?  */
 
-         if (incremental_option)
-           utimbuf.actime = stat_info->st_atime;
-         else
-           utimbuf.actime = start_time;
-
-         utimbuf.modtime = stat_info->st_mtime;
+         struct timespec ts[2];
+         ts[0] = incremental_option ? get_stat_atime (stat_info) : start_time;
+         ts[1] = get_stat_mtime (stat_info);
 
-         if (utime (file_name, &utimbuf) < 0)
+         if (utimens (file_name, ts) != 0)
            utime_error (file_name);
          else
            {
-             check_time (file_name, utimbuf.actime);
-             check_time (file_name, utimbuf.modtime);
+             check_time (file_name, ts[0]);
+             check_time (file_name, ts[1]);
            }
        }
 
@@ -308,18 +325,18 @@ delay_set_stat (char const *file_name, struct stat const *stat_info,
   strcpy (data->file_name, file_name);
   data->invert_permissions = invert_permissions;
   data->permstatus = permstatus;
-  data->after_symlinks = 0;
+  data->after_links = 0;
   data->stat_info = *stat_info;
   data->next = delayed_set_stat_head;
   delayed_set_stat_head = data;
 }
 
 /* Update the delayed_set_stat info for an intermediate directory
-   created on the path to DIR_NAME.  The intermediate directory turned
+   created within the file name of DIR.  The intermediate directory turned
    out to be the same as this directory, e.g. due to ".." or symbolic
    links.  *DIR_STAT_INFO is the status of the directory.  */
 static void
-repair_delayed_set_stat (char const *dir_name,
+repair_delayed_set_stat (char const *dir,
                         struct stat const *dir_stat_info)
 {
   struct delayed_set_stat *data;
@@ -344,24 +361,24 @@ repair_delayed_set_stat (char const *dir_name,
     }
 
   ERROR ((0, 0, _("%s: Unexpected inconsistency when making directory"),
-         quotearg_colon (dir_name)));
+         quotearg_colon (dir)));
 }
 
-/* After a file/link/symlink/directory creation has failed, see if
+/* After a file/link/directory creation has failed, see if
    it's because some required directory was not present, and if so,
    create all required directories.  Return non-zero if a directory
    was created.  */
 static int
 make_directories (char *file_name)
 {
-  char *cursor0 = file_name + FILESYSTEM_PREFIX_LEN (file_name);
-  char *cursor;                        /* points into path */
+  char *cursor0 = file_name + FILE_SYSTEM_PREFIX_LEN (file_name);
+  char *cursor;                        /* points into the file name */
   int did_something = 0;       /* did we do anything yet? */
   int mode;
   int invert_permissions;
   int status;
 
-  
+
   for (cursor = cursor0; *cursor; cursor++)
     {
       if (! ISSLASH (*cursor))
@@ -372,7 +389,7 @@ make_directories (char *file_name)
       if (cursor == cursor0 || ISSLASH (cursor[-1]))
        continue;
 
-      /* Avoid mkdir where last part of path is "." or "..".  */
+      /* Avoid mkdir where last part of file name is "." or "..".  */
 
       if (cursor[-1] == '.'
          && (cursor == cursor0 + 1 || ISSLASH (cursor[-2])
@@ -380,7 +397,7 @@ make_directories (char *file_name)
                  && (cursor == cursor0 + 2 || ISSLASH (cursor[-3])))))
        continue;
 
-      *cursor = '\0';          /* truncate the path there */
+      *cursor = '\0';          /* truncate the name there */
       mode = MODE_RWX & ~ newdir_umask;
       invert_permissions = we_are_root ? 0 : MODE_WXUSR & ~ mode;
       status = mkdir (file_name, mode ^ invert_permissions);
@@ -423,53 +440,19 @@ static bool
 file_newer_p (const char *file_name, struct tar_stat_info *tar_stat)
 {
   struct stat st;
-           
+
   if (stat (file_name, &st))
     {
       stat_warn (file_name);
-      return true; /* Be on the safe side */
+      /* Be on the safe side: if the file does exist assume it is newer */
+      return errno != ENOENT;
     }
   if (!S_ISDIR (st.st_mode)
-      && st.st_mtime >= current_stat_info.stat.st_mtime)
+      && st.st_mtime >= tar_stat->stat.st_mtime)
     {
       return true;
     }
   return false;
-}  
-
-/* Prepare to extract a file.
-   Return zero if extraction should not proceed.  */
-
-static int
-prepare_to_extract (char const *file_name, bool directory)
-{
-  if (to_stdout_option)
-    return 0;
-
-  switch (old_files_option)
-    {
-    case UNLINK_FIRST_OLD_FILES:
-      if (!remove_any_file (file_name, recursive_unlink_option)
-         && errno && errno != ENOENT)
-       {
-         unlink_error (file_name);
-         return 0;
-       }
-      break;
-
-    case KEEP_NEWER_FILES:
-      if (file_newer_p (file_name, &current_stat_info))
-       {
-         WARN ((0, 0, _("Current `%s' is newer"), file_name)); 
-         return 0;
-       }
-      break;
-
-    default:
-      break;
-    }
-
-  return 1;
 }
 
 /* Attempt repairing what went wrong with the extraction.  Delete an
@@ -480,7 +463,7 @@ static int
 maybe_recoverable (char *file_name, int *interdir_made)
 {
   int e = errno;
-  
+
   if (*interdir_made)
     return 0;
 
@@ -501,15 +484,18 @@ maybe_recoverable (char *file_name, int *interdir_made)
              return 0;
            }
          /* FALL THROUGH */
-           
+
        case DEFAULT_OLD_FILES:
        case NO_OVERWRITE_DIR_OLD_FILES:
        case OVERWRITE_OLD_FILES:
          {
-           int r = remove_any_file (file_name, 0);
+           int r = remove_any_file (file_name, ORDINARY_REMOVE_OPTION);
            errno = EEXIST;
            return r;
          }
+
+       case UNLINK_FIRST_OLD_FILES:
+         break;
        }
 
     case ENOENT:
@@ -530,12 +516,12 @@ maybe_recoverable (char *file_name, int *interdir_made)
 }
 
 /* Fix the statuses of all directories whose statuses need fixing, and
-   which are not ancestors of FILE_NAME.  If AFTER_SYMLINKS is
+   which are not ancestors of FILE_NAME.  If AFTER_LINKS is
    nonzero, do this for all such directories; otherwise, stop at the
    first directory that is marked to be fixed up only after delayed
-   symlinks are applied.  */
+   links are applied.  */
 static void
-apply_nonancestor_delayed_set_stat (char const *file_name, bool after_symlinks)
+apply_nonancestor_delayed_set_stat (char const *file_name, bool after_links)
 {
   size_t file_name_len = strlen (file_name);
   bool check_for_renamed_directories = 0;
@@ -547,9 +533,9 @@ apply_nonancestor_delayed_set_stat (char const *file_name, bool after_symlinks)
       struct stat st;
       struct stat const *cur_info = 0;
 
-      check_for_renamed_directories |= data->after_symlinks;
+      check_for_renamed_directories |= data->after_links;
 
-      if (after_symlinks < data->after_symlinks
+      if (after_links < data->after_links
          || (data->file_name_len < file_name_len
              && file_name[data->file_name_len]
              && (ISSLASH (file_name[data->file_name_len])
@@ -584,540 +570,638 @@ apply_nonancestor_delayed_set_stat (char const *file_name, bool after_symlinks)
     }
 }
 
-/* Extract a file from the archive.  */
-void
-extract_archive (void)
+\f
+
+/* Extractor functions for various member types */
+
+static int
+extract_dir (char *file_name, int typeflag)
 {
-  union block *data_block;
-  int fd;
   int status;
-  size_t count;
-  size_t written;
-  int openflag;
   mode_t mode;
-  off_t size;
-  off_t file_size;
   int interdir_made = 0;
-  char typeflag;
-  char *file_name;
-
-  set_next_block_after (current_header);
-  decode_header (current_header, &current_stat_info, &current_format, 1);
-
-  if (interactive_option && !confirm ("extract", current_stat_info.file_name))
-    {
-      skip_member ();
-      return;
-    }
 
-  /* Print the block from current_header and current_stat.  */
+  if (incremental_option)
+    /* Read the entry and delete files that aren't listed in the archive.  */
+    purge_directory (file_name);
+  else if (typeflag == GNUTYPE_DUMPDIR)
+    skip_member ();
 
-  if (verbose_option)
-    print_header (&current_stat_info, -1);
+  mode = (current_stat_info.stat.st_mode | (we_are_root ? 0 : MODE_WXUSR)) & MODE_RWX;
 
-  file_name = safer_name_suffix (current_stat_info.file_name, false);
-  if (strip_path_elements)
+  while ((status = mkdir (file_name, mode)))
     {
-      size_t prefix_len = stripped_prefix_len (file_name, strip_path_elements);
-      if (prefix_len == (size_t) -1)
+      if (errno == EEXIST
+         && (interdir_made
+             || old_files_option == DEFAULT_OLD_FILES
+             || old_files_option == OVERWRITE_OLD_FILES))
        {
-         skip_member ();
-         return;
+         struct stat st;
+         if (stat (file_name, &st) == 0)
+           {
+             if (interdir_made)
+               {
+                 repair_delayed_set_stat (file_name, &st);
+                 return 0;
+               }
+             if (S_ISDIR (st.st_mode))
+               {
+                 mode = st.st_mode & ~ current_umask;
+                 break;
+               }
+           }
+         errno = EEXIST;
        }
-      file_name += prefix_len;
-    }
-  
-  apply_nonancestor_delayed_set_stat (file_name, 0);
-
-  /* Take a safety backup of a previously existing file.  */
-
-  if (backup_option && !to_stdout_option)
-    if (!maybe_backup_file (file_name, 0))
-      {
-       int e = errno;
-       ERROR ((0, e, _("%s: Was unable to backup this file"),
-               quotearg_colon (file_name)));
-       skip_member ();
-       return;
-      }
 
-  /* Extract the archive entry according to its type.  */
-
-  typeflag = current_header->header.typeflag;
-  /*KLUDGE */
-  if (current_format == POSIX_FORMAT
-      && current_stat_info.archive_file_size != current_stat_info.stat.st_size)
-         typeflag = GNUTYPE_SPARSE;
-  
-  switch (typeflag)
-    {
-    case GNUTYPE_SPARSE:
-      /* Fall through.  */
+      if (maybe_recoverable (file_name, &interdir_made))
+       continue;
 
-    case AREGTYPE:
-    case REGTYPE:
-    case CONTTYPE:
+      if (errno != EEXIST)
+       {
+         mkdir_error (file_name);
+         return 1;
+       }
+      break;
+    }
 
-      /* Appears to be a file.  But BSD tar uses the convention that a slash
-        suffix means a directory.  */
+  if (status == 0
+      || old_files_option == DEFAULT_OLD_FILES
+      || old_files_option == OVERWRITE_OLD_FILES)
+    delay_set_stat (file_name, &current_stat_info.stat,
+                   MODE_RWX & (mode ^ current_stat_info.stat.st_mode),
+                   (status == 0
+                    ? ARCHIVED_PERMSTATUS
+                    : UNKNOWN_PERMSTATUS));
 
-      if (current_stat_info.had_trailing_slash)
-       goto really_dir;
+  return status;
+}
 
-      /* FIXME: deal with protection issues.  */
 
-    again_file:
-      openflag = (O_WRONLY | O_BINARY | O_CREAT
+static int
+open_output_file (char *file_name, int typeflag)
+{
+  int fd;
+  int openflag = (O_WRONLY | O_BINARY | O_CREAT
                  | (old_files_option == OVERWRITE_OLD_FILES
                     ? O_TRUNC
                     : O_EXCL));
-      mode = current_stat_info.stat.st_mode & MODE_RWX & ~ current_umask;
-
-      if (to_stdout_option)
-       {
-         fd = STDOUT_FILENO;
-         goto extract_file;
-       }
-
-      if (! prepare_to_extract (file_name, 0))
-       {
-         skip_member ();
-         if (backup_option)
-           undo_last_backup ();
-         break;
-       }
+  mode_t mode = current_stat_info.stat.st_mode & MODE_RWX & ~ current_umask;
 
 #if O_CTG
-      /* Contiguous files (on the Masscomp) have to specify the size in
-        the open call that creates them.  */
+  /* Contiguous files (on the Masscomp) have to specify the size in
+     the open call that creates them.  */
 
-      if (typeflag == CONTTYPE)
-       fd = open (file_name, openflag | O_CTG, mode, current_stat_info.stat.st_size);
-      else
-       fd = open (file_name, openflag, mode);
+  if (typeflag == CONTTYPE)
+    fd = open (file_name, openflag | O_CTG, mode, current_stat_info.stat.st_size);
+  else
+    fd = open (file_name, openflag, mode);
 
 #else /* not O_CTG */
-      if (typeflag == CONTTYPE)
-       {
-         static int conttype_diagnosed;
+  if (typeflag == CONTTYPE)
+    {
+      static int conttype_diagnosed;
 
-         if (!conttype_diagnosed)
-           {
-             conttype_diagnosed = 1;
-             WARN ((0, 0, _("Extracting contiguous files as regular files")));
-           }
+      if (!conttype_diagnosed)
+       {
+         conttype_diagnosed = 1;
+         WARN ((0, 0, _("Extracting contiguous files as regular files")));
        }
-      fd = open (file_name, openflag, mode);
+    }
+  fd = open (file_name, openflag, mode);
 
 #endif /* not O_CTG */
 
+  return fd;
+}
+
+static int
+extract_file (char *file_name, int typeflag)
+{
+  int fd;
+  off_t size;
+  union block *data_block;
+  int status;
+  size_t count;
+  size_t written;
+  int interdir_made = 0;
+
+  /* FIXME: deal with protection issues.  */
+
+  if (to_stdout_option)
+    fd = STDOUT_FILENO;
+  else if (to_command_option)
+    {
+      fd = sys_exec_command (file_name, 'f', &current_stat_info);
       if (fd < 0)
        {
-         if (maybe_recoverable (file_name, &interdir_made))
-           goto again_file;
-
-         open_error (file_name);
          skip_member ();
-         if (backup_option)
-           undo_last_backup ();
-         break;
+         return 0;
        }
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      do
+       fd = open_output_file (file_name, typeflag);
+      while (fd < 0 && maybe_recoverable (file_name, &interdir_made));
 
-    extract_file:
-      if (typeflag == GNUTYPE_SPARSE)
+      if (fd < 0)
        {
-         sparse_extract_file (fd, &current_stat_info, &size);
+         open_error (file_name);
+         return 1;
        }
-      else
-       for (size = current_stat_info.stat.st_size; size > 0; )
+    }
+
+  if (current_stat_info.is_sparse)
+    sparse_extract_file (fd, &current_stat_info, &size);
+  else
+    for (size = current_stat_info.stat.st_size; size > 0; )
+      {
+       if (multi_volume_option)
          {
-           if (multi_volume_option)
-             {
-               assign_string (&save_name, current_stat_info.file_name);
-               save_totsize = current_stat_info.stat.st_size;
-               save_sizeleft = size;
-             }
-
-           /* Locate data, determine max length writeable, write it,
-              block that we have used the data, then check if the write
-              worked.  */
-
-           data_block = find_next_block ();
-           if (! data_block)
-             {
-               ERROR ((0, 0, _("Unexpected EOF in archive")));
-               break;          /* FIXME: What happens, then?  */
-             }
-
-           written = available_space_after (data_block);
-
-           if (written > size)
-             written = size;
-           errno = 0;
-           count = full_write (fd, data_block->buffer, written);
-           size -= count;
-
-           set_next_block_after ((union block *)
-                                 (data_block->buffer + written - 1));
-           if (count != written)
-             {
-               write_error_details (file_name, count, written);
-               break;
-             }
+           assign_string (&save_name, current_stat_info.orig_file_name);
+           save_totsize = current_stat_info.stat.st_size;
+           save_sizeleft = size;
          }
 
-      skip_file (size);
+       /* Locate data, determine max length writeable, write it,
+          block that we have used the data, then check if the write
+          worked.  */
 
-      if (multi_volume_option)
-       assign_string (&save_name, 0);
+       data_block = find_next_block ();
+       if (! data_block)
+         {
+           ERROR ((0, 0, _("Unexpected EOF in archive")));
+           break;              /* FIXME: What happens, then?  */
+         }
 
-      /* If writing to stdout, don't try to do anything to the filename;
-        it doesn't exist, or we don't want to touch it anyway.  */
+       written = available_space_after (data_block);
 
-      if (to_stdout_option)
-       break;
+       if (written > size)
+         written = size;
+       errno = 0;
+       count = full_write (fd, data_block->buffer, written);
+       size -= written;
 
-      status = close (fd);
-      if (status < 0)
-       {
-         close_error (file_name);
-         if (backup_option)
-           undo_last_backup ();
-       }
+       set_next_block_after ((union block *)
+                             (data_block->buffer + written - 1));
+       if (count != written)
+         {
+           if (!to_command_option)
+             write_error_details (file_name, count, written);
+           /* FIXME: shouldn't we restore from backup? */
+           break;
+         }
+      }
 
-      set_stat (file_name, &current_stat_info.stat, 0, 0,
-               (old_files_option == OVERWRITE_OLD_FILES
-                ? UNKNOWN_PERMSTATUS
-                : ARCHIVED_PERMSTATUS),
-               typeflag);
-      break;
+  skip_file (size);
 
-    case SYMTYPE:
-#ifdef HAVE_SYMLINK
-      if (! prepare_to_extract (file_name, 0))
-       break;
+  if (multi_volume_option)
+    assign_string (&save_name, 0);
 
-      if (absolute_names_option
-         || ! (ISSLASH (current_stat_info.link_name
-                        [FILESYSTEM_PREFIX_LEN (current_stat_info.link_name)])
-               || contains_dot_dot (current_stat_info.link_name)))
-       {
-         while (status = symlink (current_stat_info.link_name, file_name),
-                status != 0)
-           if (!maybe_recoverable (file_name, &interdir_made))
-             break;
+  /* If writing to stdout, don't try to do anything to the filename;
+     it doesn't exist, or we don't want to touch it anyway.  */
 
-         if (status == 0)
-           set_stat (file_name, &current_stat_info.stat, 0, 0, 0, SYMTYPE);
-         else
-           symlink_error (current_stat_info.link_name, file_name);
-       }
-      else
-       {
-         /* This symbolic link is potentially dangerous.  Don't
-            create it now; instead, create a placeholder file, which
-            will be replaced after other extraction is done.  */
-         struct stat st;
+  if (to_stdout_option)
+    return 0;
 
-         while (fd = open (file_name, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_EXCL, 0),
-                fd < 0)
-           if (! maybe_recoverable (file_name, &interdir_made))
-             break;
+  status = close (fd);
+  if (status < 0)
+    close_error (file_name);
 
-         status = -1;
-         if (fd < 0)
-           open_error (file_name);
-         else if (fstat (fd, &st) != 0)
-           {
-             stat_error (file_name);
-             close (fd);
-           }
-         else if (close (fd) != 0)
-           close_error (file_name);
-         else
+  if (to_command_option)
+    sys_wait_command ();
+  else
+    set_stat (file_name, &current_stat_info.stat, 0, 0,
+             (old_files_option == OVERWRITE_OLD_FILES ?
+              UNKNOWN_PERMSTATUS : ARCHIVED_PERMSTATUS),
+             typeflag);
+
+  return status;
+}
+
+/* Create a placeholder file with name FILE_NAME, which will be
+   replaced after other extraction is done by a symbolic link if
+   IS_SYMLINK is true, and by a hard link otherwise.  Set
+   *INTERDIR_MADE if an intermediate directory is made in the
+   process.  */
+
+static int
+create_placeholder_file (char *file_name, bool is_symlink, int *interdir_made)
+{
+  int fd;
+  struct stat st;
+
+  while ((fd = open (file_name, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_EXCL, 0)) < 0)
+    if (! maybe_recoverable (file_name, interdir_made))
+      break;
+
+  if (fd < 0)
+    open_error (file_name);
+  else if (fstat (fd, &st) != 0)
+    {
+      stat_error (file_name);
+      close (fd);
+    }
+  else if (close (fd) != 0)
+    close_error (file_name);
+  else
+    {
+      struct delayed_set_stat *h;
+      struct delayed_link *p =
+       xmalloc (offsetof (struct delayed_link, target)
+                + strlen (current_stat_info.link_name)
+                + 1);
+      p->next = delayed_link_head;
+      delayed_link_head = p;
+      p->dev = st.st_dev;
+      p->ino = st.st_ino;
+      p->mtime = st.st_mtime;
+      p->is_symlink = is_symlink;
+      if (is_symlink)
+       {
+         p->uid = current_stat_info.stat.st_uid;
+         p->gid = current_stat_info.stat.st_gid;
+       }
+      p->sources = xmalloc (offsetof (struct string_list, string)
+                           + strlen (file_name) + 1);
+      p->sources->next = 0;
+      strcpy (p->sources->string, file_name);
+      strcpy (p->target, current_stat_info.link_name);
+
+      h = delayed_set_stat_head;
+      if (h && ! h->after_links
+         && strncmp (file_name, h->file_name, h->file_name_len) == 0
+         && ISSLASH (file_name[h->file_name_len])
+         && (base_name (file_name) == file_name + h->file_name_len + 1))
+       {
+         do
            {
-             struct delayed_set_stat *h;
-             struct delayed_symlink *p =
-               xmalloc (offsetof (struct delayed_symlink, target)
-                        + strlen (current_stat_info.link_name) + 1);
-             p->next = delayed_symlink_head;
-             delayed_symlink_head = p;
-             p->dev = st.st_dev;
-             p->ino = st.st_ino;
-             p->mtime = st.st_mtime;
-             p->uid = current_stat_info.stat.st_uid;
-             p->gid = current_stat_info.stat.st_gid;
-             p->sources = xmalloc (offsetof (struct string_list, string)
-                                   + strlen (file_name) + 1);
-             p->sources->next = 0;
-             strcpy (p->sources->string, file_name);
-             strcpy (p->target, current_stat_info.link_name);
-
-             h = delayed_set_stat_head;
-             if (h && ! h->after_symlinks
-                 && strncmp (file_name, h->file_name, h->file_name_len) == 0
-                 && ISSLASH (file_name[h->file_name_len])
-                 && (base_name (file_name)
-                     == file_name + h->file_name_len + 1))
+             h->after_links = 1;
+
+             if (stat (h->file_name, &st) != 0)
+               stat_error (h->file_name);
+             else
                {
-                 do
-                   {
-                     h->after_symlinks = 1;
-
-                     if (stat (h->file_name, &st) != 0)
-                       stat_error (h->file_name);
-                     else
-                       {
-                         h->stat_info.st_dev = st.st_dev;
-                         h->stat_info.st_ino = st.st_ino;
-                       }
-                   }
-                 while ((h = h->next) && ! h->after_symlinks);
+                 h->stat_info.st_dev = st.st_dev;
+                 h->stat_info.st_ino = st.st_ino;
                }
-
-             status = 0;
            }
+         while ((h = h->next) && ! h->after_links);
        }
-  
-      if (status != 0 && backup_option)
-       undo_last_backup ();
+
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+  return -1;
+}
+
+static int
+extract_link (char *file_name, int typeflag)
+{
+  char const *link_name = safer_name_suffix (current_stat_info.link_name,
+                                             true, absolute_names_option);
+  int interdir_made = 0;
+
+  if (! absolute_names_option && contains_dot_dot (link_name))
+    return create_placeholder_file (file_name, false, &interdir_made);
+
+  do
+    {
+      struct stat st1, st2;
+      int e;
+      int status = link (link_name, file_name);
+      e = errno;
+
+      if (status == 0)
+       {
+         struct delayed_link *ds = delayed_link_head;
+         if (ds && lstat (link_name, &st1) == 0)
+           for (; ds; ds = ds->next)
+             if (ds->dev == st1.st_dev
+                 && ds->ino == st1.st_ino
+                 && ds->mtime == st1.st_mtime)
+               {
+                 struct string_list *p =  xmalloc (offsetof (struct string_list, string)
+                                                   + strlen (file_name) + 1);
+                 strcpy (p->string, file_name);
+                 p->next = ds->sources;
+                 ds->sources = p;
+                 break;
+               }
+         return 0;
+       }
+      else if ((e == EEXIST && strcmp (link_name, file_name) == 0)
+              || (lstat (link_name, &st1) == 0
+                  && lstat (file_name, &st2) == 0
+                  && st1.st_dev == st2.st_dev
+                  && st1.st_ino == st2.st_ino))
+       return 0;
+
+      errno = e;
+    }
+  while (maybe_recoverable (file_name, &interdir_made));
+
+  if (!(incremental_option && errno == EEXIST))
+    {
+      link_error (link_name, file_name);
+      return 1;
+    }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+extract_symlink (char *file_name, int typeflag)
+{
+#ifdef HAVE_SYMLINK
+  int status;
+  int interdir_made = 0;
+
+  if (! absolute_names_option
+      && (IS_ABSOLUTE_FILE_NAME (current_stat_info.link_name)
+         || contains_dot_dot (current_stat_info.link_name)))
+    return create_placeholder_file (file_name, true, &interdir_made);
+
+  while ((status = symlink (current_stat_info.link_name, file_name)))
+    if (!maybe_recoverable (file_name, &interdir_made))
       break;
 
+  if (status == 0)
+    set_stat (file_name, &current_stat_info.stat, 0, 0, 0, SYMTYPE);
+  else
+    symlink_error (current_stat_info.link_name, file_name);
+  return status;
+
 #else
-      {
-       static int warned_once;
+  static int warned_once;
 
-       if (!warned_once)
-         {
-           warned_once = 1;
-           WARN ((0, 0,
-                  _("Attempting extraction of symbolic links as hard links")));
-         }
-      }
-      typeflag = LNKTYPE;
-      /* Fall through.  */
+  if (!warned_once)
+    {
+      warned_once = 1;
+      WARN ((0, 0, _("Attempting extraction of symbolic links as hard links")));
+    }
+  return extract_link (file_name, typeflag);
 #endif
+}
 
-    case LNKTYPE:
-      if (! prepare_to_extract (file_name, 0))
-       break;
+#if S_IFCHR || S_IFBLK
+static int
+extract_node (char *file_name, int typeflag)
+{
+  int status;
+  int interdir_made = 0;
 
-    again_link:
-      {
-       char const *link_name = safer_name_suffix (current_stat_info.link_name,
-                                                  true);
-       struct stat st1, st2;
-       int e;
+  do
+    status = mknod (file_name, current_stat_info.stat.st_mode,
+                   current_stat_info.stat.st_rdev);
+  while (status && maybe_recoverable (file_name, &interdir_made));
 
-       /* MSDOS does not implement links.  However, djgpp's link() actually
-          copies the file.  */
-       status = link (link_name, file_name);
+  if (status != 0)
+    mknod_error (file_name);
+  else
+    set_stat (file_name, &current_stat_info.stat, 0, 0, ARCHIVED_PERMSTATUS, typeflag);
+  return status;
+}
+#endif
 
-       if (status == 0)
-         {
-           struct delayed_symlink *ds = delayed_symlink_head;
-           if (ds && stat (link_name, &st1) == 0)
-             for (; ds; ds = ds->next)
-               if (ds->dev == st1.st_dev
-                   && ds->ino == st1.st_ino
-                   && ds->mtime == st1.st_mtime)
-                 {
-                   struct string_list *p = 
-                     xmalloc (offsetof (struct string_list, string)
-                              + strlen (file_name) + 1);
-                   strcpy (p->string, file_name);
-                   p->next = ds->sources;
-                   ds->sources = p;
-                   break;
-                 }
-           break;
-         }
-       if (maybe_recoverable (file_name, &interdir_made))
-         goto again_link;
+#if HAVE_MKFIFO || defined mkfifo
+static int
+extract_fifo (char *file_name, int typeflag)
+{
+  int status;
+  int interdir_made = 0;
 
-       if (incremental_option && errno == EEXIST)
-         break;
-       e = errno;
-       if (stat (link_name, &st1) == 0
-           && stat (file_name, &st2) == 0
-           && st1.st_dev == st2.st_dev
-           && st1.st_ino == st2.st_ino)
-         break;
+  while ((status = mkfifo (file_name, current_stat_info.stat.st_mode)))
+    if (!maybe_recoverable (file_name, &interdir_made))
+      break;
 
-       link_error (link_name, file_name);
-       if (backup_option)
-         undo_last_backup ();
-      }
+  if (status == 0)
+    set_stat (file_name, &current_stat_info.stat, NULL, 0,
+             ARCHIVED_PERMSTATUS, typeflag);
+  else
+    mkfifo_error (file_name);
+  return status;
+}
+#endif
+
+static int
+extract_mangle_wrapper (char *file_name, int typeflag)
+{
+  extract_mangle ();
+  return 0;
+}
+
+
+static int
+extract_failure (char *file_name, int typeflag)
+{
+  return 1;
+}
+
+typedef int (*tar_extractor_t) (char *file_name, int typeflag);
+
+\f
+
+/* Prepare to extract a file. Find extractor function.
+   Return zero if extraction should not proceed.  */
+
+static int
+prepare_to_extract (char const *file_name, int typeflag, tar_extractor_t *fun)
+{
+  int rc = 1;
+
+  if (EXTRACT_OVER_PIPE)
+    rc = 0;
+
+  /* Select the extractor */
+  switch (typeflag)
+    {
+    case GNUTYPE_SPARSE:
+      *fun = extract_file;
+      rc = 1;
+      break;
+
+    case AREGTYPE:
+    case REGTYPE:
+    case CONTTYPE:
+      /* Appears to be a file.  But BSD tar uses the convention that a slash
+        suffix means a directory.  */
+      if (current_stat_info.had_trailing_slash)
+       *fun = extract_dir;
+      else
+       {
+         *fun = extract_file;
+         rc = 1;
+       }
+      break;
+
+    case SYMTYPE:
+      *fun = extract_symlink;
+      break;
+
+    case LNKTYPE:
+      *fun = extract_link;
       break;
 
 #if S_IFCHR
     case CHRTYPE:
       current_stat_info.stat.st_mode |= S_IFCHR;
-      goto make_node;
+      *fun = extract_node;
+      break;
 #endif
 
 #if S_IFBLK
     case BLKTYPE:
       current_stat_info.stat.st_mode |= S_IFBLK;
-#endif
-
-#if S_IFCHR || S_IFBLK
-    make_node:
-      if (! prepare_to_extract (file_name, 0))
-       break;
-
-      status = mknod (file_name, current_stat_info.stat.st_mode,
-                     current_stat_info.stat.st_rdev);
-      if (status != 0)
-       {
-         if (maybe_recoverable (file_name, &interdir_made))
-           goto make_node;
-         mknod_error (file_name);
-         if (backup_option)
-           undo_last_backup ();
-         break;
-       };
-      set_stat (file_name, &current_stat_info.stat, 0, 0,
-               ARCHIVED_PERMSTATUS, typeflag);
+      *fun = extract_node;
       break;
 #endif
 
 #if HAVE_MKFIFO || defined mkfifo
     case FIFOTYPE:
-      if (! prepare_to_extract (file_name, 0))
-       break;
-
-      while (status = mkfifo (file_name, current_stat_info.stat.st_mode),
-            status != 0)
-       if (!maybe_recoverable (file_name, &interdir_made))
-         break;
-
-      if (status == 0)
-       set_stat (file_name, &current_stat_info.stat, NULL, 0,
-                 ARCHIVED_PERMSTATUS, typeflag);
-      else
-       {
-         mkfifo_error (file_name);
-         if (backup_option)
-           undo_last_backup ();
-       }
+      *fun = extract_fifo;
       break;
 #endif
 
     case DIRTYPE:
     case GNUTYPE_DUMPDIR:
-    really_dir:
-      if (incremental_option)
-       {
-         /* Read the entry and delete files that aren't listed in the
-            archive.  */
-
-         gnu_restore (file_name);
-       }
-      else if (typeflag == GNUTYPE_DUMPDIR)
-       skip_member ();
-
-      mode = ((current_stat_info.stat.st_mode
-              | (we_are_root ? 0 : MODE_WXUSR))
-             & MODE_RWX);
-
-      status = prepare_to_extract (file_name, 1);
-      if (status == 0)
-       break;
-      if (status < 0)
-       goto directory_exists;
-
-    again_dir:
-      status = mkdir (file_name, mode);
-
-      if (status != 0)
-       {
-         if (errno == EEXIST
-             && (interdir_made
-                 || old_files_option == DEFAULT_OLD_FILES
-                 || old_files_option == OVERWRITE_OLD_FILES))
-           {
-             struct stat st;
-             if (stat (file_name, &st) == 0)
-               {
-                 if (interdir_made)
-                   {
-                     repair_delayed_set_stat (file_name, &st);
-                     break;
-                   }
-                 if (S_ISDIR (st.st_mode))
-                   {
-                     mode = st.st_mode & ~ current_umask;
-                     goto directory_exists;
-                   }
-               }
-             errno = EEXIST;
-           }
-       
-         if (maybe_recoverable (file_name, &interdir_made))
-           goto again_dir;
-
-         if (errno != EEXIST)
-           {
-             mkdir_error (file_name);
-             if (backup_option)
-               undo_last_backup ();
-             break;
-           }
-       }
-
-    directory_exists:
-      if (status == 0
-         || old_files_option == DEFAULT_OLD_FILES
-         || old_files_option == OVERWRITE_OLD_FILES)
-       delay_set_stat (file_name, &current_stat_info.stat,
-                       MODE_RWX & (mode ^ current_stat_info.stat.st_mode),
-                       (status == 0
-                        ? ARCHIVED_PERMSTATUS
-                        : UNKNOWN_PERMSTATUS));
+      *fun = extract_dir;
       break;
 
     case GNUTYPE_VOLHDR:
       if (verbose_option)
        fprintf (stdlis, _("Reading %s\n"), quote (current_stat_info.file_name));
+      *fun = NULL;
       break;
 
     case GNUTYPE_NAMES:
-      extract_mangle ();
+      *fun = extract_mangle_wrapper;
       break;
 
     case GNUTYPE_MULTIVOL:
       ERROR ((0, 0,
              _("%s: Cannot extract -- file is continued from another volume"),
              quotearg_colon (current_stat_info.file_name)));
-      skip_member ();
-      if (backup_option)
-       undo_last_backup ();
+      *fun = extract_failure;
       break;
 
     case GNUTYPE_LONGNAME:
     case GNUTYPE_LONGLINK:
-      ERROR ((0, 0, _("Visible long name error")));
-      skip_member ();
-      if (backup_option)
-       undo_last_backup ();
+      ERROR ((0, 0, _("Unexpected long name header")));
+      *fun = extract_failure;
       break;
 
     default:
       WARN ((0, 0,
-            _("%s: Unknown file type '%c', extracted as normal file"),
+            _("%s: Unknown file type `%c', extracted as normal file"),
             quotearg_colon (file_name), typeflag));
-      goto again_file;
+      *fun = extract_file;
+    }
+
+  /* Determine whether the extraction should proceed */
+  if (rc == 0)
+    return 0;
+
+  switch (old_files_option)
+    {
+    case UNLINK_FIRST_OLD_FILES:
+      if (!remove_any_file (file_name,
+                            recursive_unlink_option ? RECURSIVE_REMOVE_OPTION
+                                                      : ORDINARY_REMOVE_OPTION)
+         && errno && errno != ENOENT)
+       {
+         unlink_error (file_name);
+         return 0;
+       }
+      break;
+
+    case KEEP_NEWER_FILES:
+      if (file_newer_p (file_name, &current_stat_info))
+       {
+         WARN ((0, 0, _("Current %s is newer or same age"),
+                quote (file_name)));
+         return 0;
+       }
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      break;
+    }
+
+  return 1;
+}
+
+/* Extract a file from the archive.  */
+void
+extract_archive (void)
+{
+  char typeflag;
+  char *file_name;
+  tar_extractor_t fun;
+
+  set_next_block_after (current_header);
+  decode_header (current_header, &current_stat_info, &current_format, 1);
+
+  if (interactive_option && !confirm ("extract", current_stat_info.file_name))
+    {
+      skip_member ();
+      return;
+    }
+
+  /* Print the block from current_header and current_stat.  */
+
+  if (verbose_option)
+    print_header (&current_stat_info, -1);
+
+  file_name = safer_name_suffix (current_stat_info.file_name,
+                                 false, absolute_names_option);
+  if (strip_name_components)
+    {
+      size_t prefix_len = stripped_prefix_len (file_name, strip_name_components);
+      if (prefix_len == (size_t) -1)
+       {
+         skip_member ();
+         return;
+       }
+      file_name += prefix_len;
     }
+
+  apply_nonancestor_delayed_set_stat (file_name, 0);
+
+  /* Take a safety backup of a previously existing file.  */
+
+  if (backup_option)
+    if (!maybe_backup_file (file_name, 0))
+      {
+       int e = errno;
+       ERROR ((0, e, _("%s: Was unable to backup this file"),
+               quotearg_colon (file_name)));
+       skip_member ();
+       return;
+      }
+
+  /* Extract the archive entry according to its type.  */
+
+  /* KLUDGE */
+  typeflag = sparse_member_p (&current_stat_info) ?
+                  GNUTYPE_SPARSE : current_header->header.typeflag;
+
+  if (prepare_to_extract (file_name, typeflag, &fun))
+    {
+      if (fun && (*fun) (file_name, typeflag) && backup_option)
+       undo_last_backup ();
+    }
+  else
+    skip_member ();
+
 }
 
 /* Extract the symbolic links whose final extraction were delayed.  */
 static void
-apply_delayed_symlinks (void)
+apply_delayed_links (void)
 {
-  struct delayed_symlink *ds;
+  struct delayed_link *ds;
 
-  for (ds = delayed_symlink_head; ds; )
+  for (ds = delayed_link_head; ds; )
     {
       struct string_list *sources = ds->sources;
       char const *valid_source = 0;
@@ -1128,7 +1212,7 @@ apply_delayed_symlinks (void)
          struct stat st;
 
          /* Make sure the placeholder file is still there.  If not,
-            don't create a symlink, as the placeholder was probably
+            don't create a link, as the placeholder was probably
             removed by a later extraction.  */
          if (lstat (source, &st) == 0
              && st.st_dev == ds->dev
@@ -1141,6 +1225,11 @@ apply_delayed_symlinks (void)
                unlink_error (source);
              else if (valid_source && link (valid_source, source) == 0)
                ;
+             else if (!ds->is_symlink)
+               {
+                 if (link (ds->target, source) != 0)
+                   link_error (ds->target, source);
+               }
              else if (symlink (ds->target, source) != 0)
                symlink_error (ds->target, source);
              else
@@ -1161,13 +1250,13 @@ apply_delayed_symlinks (void)
        }
 
       {
-       struct delayed_symlink *next = ds->next;
+       struct delayed_link *next = ds->next;
        free (ds);
        ds = next;
       }
     }
 
-  delayed_symlink_head = 0;
+  delayed_link_head = 0;
 }
 
 /* Finish the extraction of an archive.  */
@@ -1177,12 +1266,12 @@ extract_finish (void)
   /* First, fix the status of ordinary directories that need fixing.  */
   apply_nonancestor_delayed_set_stat ("", 0);
 
-  /* Then, apply delayed symlinks, so that they don't affect delayed
+  /* Then, apply delayed links, so that they don't affect delayed
      directory status-setting for ordinary directories.  */
-  apply_delayed_symlinks ();
+  apply_delayed_links ();
 
   /* Finally, fix the status of directories that are ancestors
-     of delayed symlinks.  */
+     of delayed links.  */
   apply_nonancestor_delayed_set_stat ("", 1);
 }
 
@@ -1193,3 +1282,10 @@ fatal_exit (void)
   error (TAREXIT_FAILURE, 0, _("Error is not recoverable: exiting now"));
   abort ();
 }
+
+void
+xalloc_die (void)
+{
+  error (0, 0, "%s", _("memory exhausted"));
+  fatal_exit ();
+}
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