]> Dogcows Code - chaz/tar/blobdiff - src/create.c
Fix copyright notice.
[chaz/tar] / src / create.c
index 384e7a34e2594856aff3d3430cc33cc93bde53e1..7c2b49f13f588e82f445f72ec5d846953a33e3c7 100644 (file)
 /* Create a tar archive.
-   Copyright (C) 1985, 1992 Free Software Foundation
+   Copyright 1985, 92, 93, 94, 96, 97, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   Written by John Gilmore, on 1985-08-25.
 
-This file is part of GNU Tar.
+   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+   under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
+   Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later
+   version.
 
-GNU Tar is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
-it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
-any later version.
+   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+   WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General
+   Public License for more details.
 
-GNU Tar is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-GNU General Public License for more details.
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+   with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+   59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.  */
 
-You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-along with GNU Tar; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to
-the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.  */
+#include "system.h"
 
-/*
- * Create a tar archive.
- *
- * Written 25 Aug 1985 by John Gilmore, ihnp4!hoptoad!gnu.
- */
-
-#ifdef _AIX
- #pragma alloca
-#endif
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <errno.h>
-#ifndef STDC_HEADERS
-extern int     errno;
+#if !MSDOS
+# include <pwd.h>
+# include <grp.h>
 #endif
 
-#ifdef BSD42
-#include <sys/file.h>
+#if HAVE_UTIME_H
+# include <utime.h>
 #else
-#ifndef V7
-#include <fcntl.h>
-#endif
-#endif
-
-#include "tar.h"
-#include "port.h"
-
-#ifndef        __MSDOS__
-#include <pwd.h>
-#include <grp.h>
-#endif
-
-#if defined(_POSIX_VERSION) || defined(DIRENT)
-#include <dirent.h>
-#ifdef direct
-#undef direct
-#endif /* direct */
-#define direct dirent
-#define DP_NAMELEN(x) strlen((x)->d_name)
-#endif /* _POSIX_VERSION or DIRENT */
-#if !defined(_POSIX_VERSION) && !defined(DIRENT) && defined(BSD42)
-#include <sys/dir.h>
-#define DP_NAMELEN(x)  (x)->d_namlen
-#endif /* not _POSIX_VERSION and BSD42 */
-#ifdef __MSDOS__
-#include "msd_dir.h"
-#define DP_NAMELEN(x)  (x)->d_namlen
-#define direct dirent
+struct utimbuf
+  {
+    long actime;
+    long modtime;
+  };
 #endif
-#if defined(USG) && !defined(_POSIX_VERSION) && !defined(DIRENT)
-#include <ndir.h>
-#define DP_NAMELEN(x) strlen((x)->d_name)
-#endif /* USG and not _POSIX_VERSION and not DIRENT */
 
-extern struct stat hstat;              /* Stat struct corresponding */
+#include "common.h"
 
-#ifndef __MSDOS__
+#ifndef MSDOS
 extern dev_t ar_dev;
 extern ino_t ar_ino;
 #endif
 
-/* JF */
 extern struct name *gnu_list_name;
 
-/*
- * If there are no symbolic links, there is no lstat().  Use stat().
- */
-#ifndef S_ISLNK
-#define lstat stat
+/* This module is the only one that cares about `struct link's.  */
+
+struct link
+  {
+    struct link *next;
+    dev_t dev;
+    ino_t ino;
+    short linkcount;
+    char name[1];
+  };
+
+struct link *linklist = NULL;  /* points to first link in list */
+\f
+
+/*------------------------------------------------------------------------.
+| Convert VALUE (with substitute SUBSTITUTE if VALUE is out of range)    |
+| into a size-SIZE field at WHERE, including a                           |
+| trailing space.  For example, 3 for SIZE means two digits and a space.  |
+|                                                                         |
+| We assume the trailing NUL is already there and don't fill it in.  This |
+| fact is used by start_header and finish_header, so don't change it!     |
+`------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+/* Output VALUE in octal, using SUBSTITUTE if value won't fit.
+   Output to buffer WHERE with size SIZE.
+   TYPE is the kind of value being output (useful for diagnostics).
+   Prefer SIZE - 1 octal digits (with leading '0's), followed by '\0';
+   but if SIZE octal digits would fit, omit the '\0'.  */
+
+static void
+to_oct (uintmax_t value, uintmax_t substitute, char *where, size_t size, const char *type)
+{
+  uintmax_t v = value;
+  size_t i = size;
+
+# define MAX_OCTAL_VAL_WITH_DIGITS(digits) \
+    ((digits) * 3 < sizeof (uintmax_t) * CHAR_BIT \
+     ? ((uintmax_t) 1 << ((digits) * 3)) - 1 \
+     : (uintmax_t) -1)
+
+  /* Output a trailing NUL unless the value is too large.  */
+  if (value <= MAX_OCTAL_VAL_WITH_DIGITS (size - 1))
+    where[--i] = '\0';
+
+  /* Produce the digits -- at least one.  */
+
+  do
+    {
+      where[--i] = '0' + (int) (v & 7);        /* one octal digit */
+      v >>= 3;
+    }
+  while (i != 0 && v != 0);
+
+  /* Leading zeros, if necessary.  */
+  while (i != 0)
+    where[--i] = '0';
+
+  if (v != 0)
+    {
+      uintmax_t maxval = MAX_OCTAL_VAL_WITH_DIGITS (size);
+      char buf1[UINTMAX_STRSIZE_BOUND];
+      char buf2[UINTMAX_STRSIZE_BOUND];
+      char buf3[UINTMAX_STRSIZE_BOUND];
+      char *value_string = STRINGIFY_BIGINT (value, buf1);
+      char *maxval_string = STRINGIFY_BIGINT (maxval, buf2);
+      if (substitute)
+       {
+         substitute &= maxval;
+         WARN ((0, 0, _("%s value %s too large (max=%s); substituting %s"),
+                type, value_string, maxval_string,
+                STRINGIFY_BIGINT (substitute, buf3)));
+         to_oct (substitute, (uintmax_t) 0, where, size, type);
+       }
+      else
+       ERROR ((0, 0, _("%s value %s too large (max=%s)"),
+               type, value_string, maxval_string));
+    }
+}
+#ifndef GID_NOBODY
+#define GID_NOBODY 0
+#endif
+void
+gid_to_oct (gid_t v, char *p, size_t s)
+{
+  to_oct ((uintmax_t) v, (uintmax_t) GID_NOBODY, p, s, "gid_t");
+}
+void
+major_to_oct (major_t v, char *p, size_t s)
+{
+  to_oct ((uintmax_t) v, (uintmax_t) 0, p, s, "major_t");
+}
+void
+minor_to_oct (minor_t v, char *p, size_t s)
+{
+  to_oct ((uintmax_t) v, (uintmax_t) 0, p, s, "minor_t");
+}
+void
+mode_to_oct (mode_t v, char *p, size_t s)
+{
+  to_oct ((uintmax_t) v, (uintmax_t) 0, p, s, "mode_t");
+}
+void
+off_to_oct (off_t v, char *p, size_t s)
+{
+  to_oct ((uintmax_t) v, (uintmax_t) 0, p, s, "off_t");
+}
+void
+size_to_oct (size_t v, char *p, size_t s)
+{
+  to_oct ((uintmax_t) v, (uintmax_t) 0, p, s, "size_t");
+}
+void
+time_to_oct (time_t v, char *p, size_t s)
+{
+  to_oct ((uintmax_t) v, (uintmax_t) 0, p, s, "time_t");
+}
+#ifndef UID_NOBODY
+#define UID_NOBODY 0
 #endif
+void
+uid_to_oct (uid_t v, char *p, size_t s)
+{
+  to_oct ((uintmax_t) v, (uintmax_t) UID_NOBODY, p, s, "uid_t");
+}
+void
+uintmax_to_oct (uintmax_t v, char *p, size_t s)
+{
+  to_oct (v, (uintmax_t) 0, p, s, "uintmax_t");
+}
+\f
+/* Writing routines.  */
+
+/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------.
+| Just zeroes out the buffer so we don't confuse ourselves with leftover |
+| data.                                                                         |
+`-----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
-extern void print_header();
-
-union record *start_header();
-void blank_name_list();
-int check_exclude();
-PTR ck_malloc();
-PTR ck_realloc();
-void clear_buffer();
-void close_archive();
-void collect_and_sort_names();
-int confirm();
-int deal_with_sparse();
-void find_new_file_size();
-void finish_header();
-int finish_sparse_file();
-void finduname();
-void findgname();
-int is_dot_or_dotdot();
-void open_archive();
-char *name_next();
-void name_close();
-void to_oct();
-void dump_file();
-void write_dir_file();
-void write_eot();
-int zero_record();
-
-/* This code moved from tar.h since create.c is the only file that cares
-   about 'struct link's.  This means that other files might not have to
-   include sys/types.h any more. */
-
-struct link {
-       struct link     *next;
-       dev_t           dev;
-       ino_t           ino;
-       short           linkcount;
-       char            name[1];
-};
-
-struct link    *linklist;      /* Points to first link in list */
-
-static nolinks;                        /* Gets set if we run out of RAM */
-
-/*
- * "Scratch" space to store the information about a sparse file before
- * writing the info into the header or extended header
- */
-/* struct sp_array      *sparsearray;*/
-
-/* number of elts storable in the sparsearray */
-/*int  sparse_array_size = 10;*/
+static void
+clear_buffer (char *buffer)
+{
+  memset (buffer, 0, BLOCKSIZE);
+}
+
+/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------.
+| Write the EOT block(s).  We actually zero at least one block, through           |
+| the end of the record.  Old tar, as previous versions of GNU tar, writes |
+| garbage after two zeroed blocks.                                        |
+`-------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
 void
-create_archive()
+write_eot (void)
 {
-       register char   *p;
-       char *name_from_list();
-
-       open_archive(0);                /* Open for writing */
-
-       if(f_gnudump) {
-               char *buf = ck_malloc(PATH_MAX);
-               char *q,*bufp;
-
-               collect_and_sort_names();
-
-               while(p=name_from_list())
-                       dump_file(p,-1, 1);
-               /* if(!f_dironly) { */
-                       blank_name_list();
-                       while(p=name_from_list()) {
-                               strcpy(buf,p);
-                               if(p[strlen(p)-1]!='/')
-                                       strcat(buf,"/");
-                               bufp=buf+strlen(buf);
-                               for(q=gnu_list_name->dir_contents;q && *q;q+=strlen(q)+1) {
-                                       if(*q=='Y') {
-                                               strcpy(bufp,q+1);
-                                               dump_file(buf,-1, 1);
-                                       }
-                               }
-                       }
-               /* } */
-               free(buf);
-       } else {
-               p = name_next(1);
-               do 
-                 dump_file(p, -1, 1);
-               while (p = name_next(1));
+  union block *pointer = find_next_block ();
+
+  if (pointer)
+    {
+      size_t space = available_space_after (pointer);
+
+      memset (pointer->buffer, 0, space);
+      set_next_block_after (pointer);
+    }
+}
+
+/*-----------------------------------------------------.
+| Write a GNUTYPE_LONGLINK or GNUTYPE_LONGNAME block.  |
+`-----------------------------------------------------*/
+
+/* FIXME: Cross recursion between start_header and write_long!  */
+
+static union block *start_header PARAMS ((const char *, struct stat *));
+
+static void
+write_long (const char *p, char type)
+{
+  size_t size = strlen (p) + 1;
+  size_t bufsize;
+  union block *header;
+  struct stat foo;
+
+  memset (&foo, 0, sizeof foo);
+  foo.st_size = size;
+
+  header = start_header ("././@LongLink", &foo);
+  header->header.typeflag = type;
+  finish_header (header);
+
+  header = find_next_block ();
+
+  bufsize = available_space_after (header);
+
+  while (bufsize < size)
+    {
+      memcpy (header->buffer, p, bufsize);
+      p += bufsize;
+      size -= bufsize;
+      set_next_block_after (header + (bufsize - 1) / BLOCKSIZE);
+      header = find_next_block ();
+      bufsize = available_space_after (header);
+    }
+  memcpy (header->buffer, p, size);
+  memset (header->buffer + size, 0, bufsize - size);
+  set_next_block_after (header + (size - 1) / BLOCKSIZE);
+}
+\f
+/* Header handling.  */
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------.
+| Make a header block for the file name whose stat info is st.  Return |
+| header pointer for success, NULL if the name is too long.           |
+`---------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+static union block *
+start_header (const char *name, struct stat *st)
+{
+  union block *header;
+
+  if (!absolute_names_option)
+    {
+      static int warned_once = 0;
+
+#if MSDOS
+      if (name[1] == ':')
+       {
+         name += 2;
+         if (!warned_once)
+           {
+             warned_once = 1;
+             WARN ((0, 0, _("Removing drive spec from names in the archive")));
+           }
        }
+#endif
 
-       write_eot();
-       close_archive();
-       if(f_gnudump)
-               write_dir_file();
-       name_close();
+      while (*name == '/')
+       {
+         name++;               /* force relative path */
+         if (!warned_once)
+           {
+             warned_once = 1;
+             WARN ((0, 0, _("\
+Removing leading `/' from absolute path names in the archive")));
+           }
+       }
+    }
+
+  /* Check the file name and put it in the block.  */
+
+  if (strlen (name) >= (size_t) NAME_FIELD_SIZE)
+    write_long (name, GNUTYPE_LONGNAME);
+  header = find_next_block ();
+  memset (header->buffer, 0, sizeof (union block));
+
+  assign_string (&current_file_name, name);
+
+  strncpy (header->header.name, name, NAME_FIELD_SIZE);
+  header->header.name[NAME_FIELD_SIZE - 1] = '\0';
+
+  /* Override some stat fields, if requested to do so.  */
+
+  if (owner_option != (uid_t) -1)
+    st->st_uid = owner_option;
+  if (group_option != (gid_t) -1)
+    st->st_gid = group_option;
+  if (mode_option)
+    st->st_mode = ((st->st_mode & S_IFMT)
+                  | mode_adjust (st->st_mode, mode_option));
+
+  /* Paul Eggert tried the trivial test ($WRITER cf a b; $READER tvf a)
+     for a few tars and came up with the following interoperability
+     matrix:
+
+             WRITER
+       1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9   READER
+       . . . . . . . . .   1 = SunOS 4.2 tar
+       # . . # # . . # #   2 = NEC SVR4.0.2 tar
+       . . . # # . . # .   3 = Solaris 2.1 tar
+       . . . . . . . . .   4 = GNU tar 1.11.1
+       . . . . . . . . .   5 = HP-UX 8.07 tar
+       . . . . . . . . .   6 = Ultrix 4.1
+       . . . . . . . . .   7 = AIX 3.2
+       . . . . . . . . .   8 = Hitachi HI-UX 1.03
+       . . . . . . . . .   9 = Omron UNIOS-B 4.3BSD 1.60Beta
+
+            . = works
+            # = ``impossible file type''
+
+     The following mask for old archive removes the `#'s in column 4
+     above, thus making GNU tar both a universal donor and a universal
+     acceptor for Paul's test.  */
+
+  if (archive_format == V7_FORMAT)
+    MODE_TO_OCT (st->st_mode & 07777, header->header.mode);
+  else
+    MODE_TO_OCT (st->st_mode, header->header.mode);
+
+  UID_TO_OCT (st->st_uid, header->header.uid);
+  GID_TO_OCT (st->st_gid, header->header.gid);
+  OFF_TO_OCT (st->st_size, header->header.size);
+  TIME_TO_OCT (st->st_mtime, header->header.mtime);
+
+  if (incremental_option)
+    if (archive_format == OLDGNU_FORMAT)
+      {
+       TIME_TO_OCT (st->st_atime, header->oldgnu_header.atime);
+       TIME_TO_OCT (st->st_ctime, header->oldgnu_header.ctime);
+      }
+
+  header->header.typeflag = archive_format == V7_FORMAT ? AREGTYPE : REGTYPE;
+
+  switch (archive_format)
+    {
+    case DEFAULT_FORMAT:
+    case V7_FORMAT:
+      break;
+
+    case OLDGNU_FORMAT:
+      /* Overwrite header->header.magic and header.version in one blow.  */
+      strcpy (header->header.magic, OLDGNU_MAGIC);
+      break;
+
+    case POSIX_FORMAT:
+    case GNU_FORMAT:
+      strncpy (header->header.magic, TMAGIC, TMAGLEN);
+      strncpy (header->header.version, TVERSION, TVERSLEN);
+      break;
+    }
+
+  if (archive_format == V7_FORMAT || numeric_owner_option)
+    {
+      /* header->header.[ug]name are left as the empty string.  */
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      uid_to_uname (st->st_uid, header->header.uname);
+      gid_to_gname (st->st_gid, header->header.gname);
+    }
+
+  return header;
 }
 
-/*
- * Dump a single file.  If it's a directory, recurse.
- * Result is 1 for success, 0 for failure.
- * Sets global "hstat" to stat() output for this file.
- */
+/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------.
+| Finish off a filled-in header block and write it out.  We also print the |
+| file name and/or full info if verbose is on.                            |
+`-------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
 void
-dump_file (p, curdev, toplevel)
-       char    *p;                     /* File name to dump */
-       int     curdev;                 /* Device our parent dir was on */
-       int     toplevel;               /* Whether we are a toplevel call */
+finish_header (union block *header)
 {
-       union record    *header;
-       char type;
-       extern char *save_name;         /* JF for multi-volume support */
-       extern long save_totsize;
-       extern long save_sizeleft;
-       union record    *exhdr;
-       char save_linkflag;
-       extern time_t new_time;
-       int critical_error = 0;
-       time_t restore_times[2];
-/*     int sparse_ind = 0;*/
-
-
-       if(f_confirm && !confirm("add",p))
-               return;
+  size_t i;
+  int sum;
+  char *p;
 
-       /*
-        * Use stat if following (rather than dumping) 4.2BSD's
-        * symbolic links.  Otherwise, use lstat (which, on non-4.2
-        * systems, is #define'd to stat anyway.
-        */
-#ifdef STX_HIDDEN /* AIX */
-       if (0 != f_follow_links ?
-           statx (p, &hstat, STATSIZE, STX_HIDDEN):
-           statx (p, &hstat, STATSIZE, STX_HIDDEN|STX_LINK))
-#else
-       if (0 != f_follow_links? stat(p, &hstat): lstat(p, &hstat))
-#endif
+  memcpy (header->header.chksum, CHKBLANKS, sizeof (header->header.chksum));
+
+  sum = 0;
+  p = header->buffer;
+  for (i = sizeof (*header); i-- != 0; )
+    /* We can't use unsigned char here because of old compilers, e.g. V7.  */
+    sum += 0xFF & *p++;
+
+  /* Fill in the checksum field.  It's formatted differently from the
+     other fields: it has [6] digits, a null, then a space -- rather than
+     digits, then a null.  We use to_oct.
+     The final space is already there, from checksumming,
+     and to_oct doesn't modify it.
+
+     This is a fast way to do:
+
+     sprintf(header->header.chksum, "%6o", sum);  */
+
+  uintmax_to_oct ((uintmax_t) sum, header->header.chksum, 7);
+
+  set_next_block_after (header);
+
+  if (verbose_option
+      && header->header.typeflag != GNUTYPE_LONGLINK
+      && header->header.typeflag != GNUTYPE_LONGNAME)
+    {
+      /* These globals are parameters to print_header, sigh.  */
+
+      current_header = header;
+      /* current_stat is already set up.  */
+      current_format = archive_format;
+      print_header ();
+    }
+}
+\f
+/* Sparse file processing.  */
+
+/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------.
+| Takes a blockful of data and basically cruises through it to see if it's |
+| made *entirely* of zeros, returning a 0 the instant it finds something   |
+| that is a nonzero, i.e., useful data.                                           |
+`-------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+static int
+zero_block_p (char *buffer)
+{
+  int counter;
+
+  for (counter = 0; counter < BLOCKSIZE; counter++)
+    if (buffer[counter] != '\0')
+      return 0;
+  return 1;
+}
+
+/*---.
+| ?  |
+`---*/
+
+static void
+init_sparsearray (void)
+{
+  int counter;
+
+  sp_array_size = 10;
+
+  /* Make room for our scratch space -- initially is 10 elts long.  */
+
+  sparsearray = (struct sp_array *)
+    xmalloc (sp_array_size * sizeof (struct sp_array));
+  for (counter = 0; counter < sp_array_size; counter++)
+    {
+      sparsearray[counter].offset = 0;
+      sparsearray[counter].numbytes = 0;
+    }
+}
+
+/*---.
+| ?  |
+`---*/
+
+static void
+find_new_file_size (off_t *filesize, int highest_index)
+{
+  int counter;
+
+  *filesize = 0;
+  for (counter = 0;
+       sparsearray[counter].numbytes && counter <= highest_index;
+       counter++)
+    *filesize += sparsearray[counter].numbytes;
+}
+
+/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------.
+| Make one pass over the file NAME, studying where any non-zero data is, |
+| that is, how far into the file each instance of data is, and how many  |
+| bytes are there.  Save this information in the sparsearray, which will |
+| later be translated into header information.                           |
+`-----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+/* There is little point in trimming small amounts of null data at the head
+   and tail of blocks, only avoid dumping full null blocks.  */
+
+/* FIXME: this routine might accept bits of algorithmic cleanup, it is
+   too kludgey for my taste...  */
+
+static int
+deal_with_sparse (char *name, union block *header)
+{
+  size_t numbytes = 0;
+  off_t offset = 0;
+  int file;
+  int sparse_index = 0;
+  ssize_t count;
+  char buffer[BLOCKSIZE];
+
+  if (archive_format == OLDGNU_FORMAT)
+    header->oldgnu_header.isextended = 0;
+
+  if (file = open (name, O_RDONLY), file < 0)
+    /* This problem will be caught later on, so just return.  */
+    return 0;
+
+  init_sparsearray ();
+  clear_buffer (buffer);
+
+  while (count = full_read (file, buffer, sizeof buffer), count != 0)
+    {
+      /* Realloc the scratch area as necessary.  FIXME: should reallocate
+        only at beginning of a new instance of non-zero data.  */
+
+      if (sparse_index > sp_array_size - 1)
        {
-badperror:
-               msg_perror("can't add file %s",p);
-badfile:
-               if (!f_ignore_failed_read || critical_error)
-                 errors++;
-               return;
+
+         sparsearray = (struct sp_array *)
+           xrealloc (sparsearray,
+                     2 * sp_array_size * sizeof (struct sp_array));
+         sp_array_size *= 2;
        }
-       
-       restore_times[0] = hstat.st_atime;
-       restore_times[1] = hstat.st_mtime;
 
-#ifdef S_ISHIDDEN
-       if (S_ISHIDDEN (hstat.st_mode)) {
-               char *new = (char *)alloca (strlen (p) + 2);
-               if (new) {
-                       strcpy (new, p);
-                       strcat (new, "@");
-                       p = new;
-               }
+      /* Process one block.  */
+
+      if (count == sizeof buffer)
+
+       if (zero_block_p (buffer))
+         {
+           if (numbytes)
+             {
+               sparsearray[sparse_index++].numbytes = numbytes;
+               numbytes = 0;
+             }
+         }
+       else
+         {
+           if (!numbytes)
+             sparsearray[sparse_index].offset = offset;
+           numbytes += count;
+         }
+
+      else
+
+       /* Since count < sizeof buffer, we have the last bit of the file.  */
+
+       if (!zero_block_p (buffer))
+         {
+           if (!numbytes)
+             sparsearray[sparse_index].offset = offset;
+           numbytes += count;
+         }
+       else
+         /* The next two lines are suggested by Andreas Degert, who says
+            they are required for trailing full blocks to be written to the
+            archive, when all zeroed.  Yet, it seems to me that the case
+            does not apply.  Further, at restore time, the file is not as
+            sparse as it should.  So, some serious cleanup is *also* needed
+            in this area.  Just one more... :-(.  FIXME.  */
+         if (numbytes)
+           numbytes += count;
+
+      /* Prepare for next block.  */
+
+      offset += count;
+      /* FIXME: do not clear unless necessary.  */
+      clear_buffer (buffer);
+    }
+
+  if (numbytes)
+    sparsearray[sparse_index++].numbytes = numbytes;
+  else
+    {
+      sparsearray[sparse_index].offset = offset - 1;
+      sparsearray[sparse_index++].numbytes = 1;
+    }
+
+  close (file);
+  return sparse_index - 1;
+}
+
+/*---.
+| ?  |
+`---*/
+
+static int
+finish_sparse_file (int file, off_t *sizeleft, off_t fullsize, char *name)
+{
+  union block *start;
+  size_t bufsize;
+  int sparse_index = 0;
+  ssize_t count;
+
+  while (*sizeleft > 0)
+    {
+      start = find_next_block ();
+      memset (start->buffer, 0, BLOCKSIZE);
+      bufsize = sparsearray[sparse_index].numbytes;
+      if (!bufsize)
+       {
+         /* We blew it, maybe.  */
+         char buf1[UINTMAX_STRSIZE_BOUND];
+         char buf2[UINTMAX_STRSIZE_BOUND];
+
+         ERROR ((0, 0, _("Wrote %s of %s bytes to file %s"),
+                 STRINGIFY_BIGINT (fullsize - *sizeleft, buf1),
+                 STRINGIFY_BIGINT (fullsize, buf2),
+                 name));
+         break;
+       }
+
+      if (lseek (file, sparsearray[sparse_index++].offset, 0) < 0)
+       {
+         char buf[UINTMAX_STRSIZE_BOUND];
+         ERROR ((0, errno, _("lseek error at byte %s in file %s"),
+                 STRINGIFY_BIGINT (sparsearray[sparse_index - 1].offset, buf),
+                 name));
+         break;
+       }
+
+      /* If the number of bytes to be written here exceeds the size of
+        the temporary buffer, do it in steps.  */
+
+      while (bufsize > BLOCKSIZE)
+       {
+#if 0
+         if (amount_read)
+           {
+             count = full_read (file, start->buffer + amount_read,
+                                BLOCKSIZE - amount_read);
+             bufsize -= BLOCKSIZE - amount_read;
+             amount_read = 0;
+             set_next_block_after (start);
+             start = find_next_block ();
+             memset (start->buffer, 0, BLOCKSIZE);
+           }
+#endif
+         /* Store the data.  */
+
+         count = full_read (file, start->buffer, BLOCKSIZE);
+         if (count < 0)
+           {
+             char buf[UINTMAX_STRSIZE_BOUND];
+             ERROR ((0, errno, _("\
+Read error at byte %s, reading %lu bytes, in file %s"),
+                     STRINGIFY_BIGINT (fullsize - *sizeleft, buf),
+                     (unsigned long) bufsize, name));
+             return 1;
+           }
+         bufsize -= count;
+         *sizeleft -= count;
+         set_next_block_after (start);
+         start = find_next_block ();
+         memset (start->buffer, 0, BLOCKSIZE);
+       }
+
+      {
+       char buffer[BLOCKSIZE];
+
+       clear_buffer (buffer);
+       count = full_read (file, buffer, bufsize);
+       memcpy (start->buffer, buffer, BLOCKSIZE);
+      }
+
+      if (count < 0)
+       {
+         char buf[UINTMAX_STRSIZE_BOUND];
+         
+         ERROR ((0, errno,
+                 _("Read error at byte %s, reading %lu bytes, in file %s"),
+                 STRINGIFY_BIGINT (fullsize - *sizeleft, buf),
+                 (unsigned long) bufsize, name));
+         return 1;
+       }
+#if 0
+      if (amount_read >= BLOCKSIZE)
+       {
+         amount_read = 0;
+         set_next_block_after (start + (count - 1) / BLOCKSIZE);
+         if (count != bufsize)
+           {
+             ERROR ((0, 0,
+                     _("File %s shrunk, padding with zeros"),
+                     name));
+             return 1;
+           }
+         start = find_next_block ();
        }
+      else
+       amount_read += bufsize;
 #endif
+      *sizeleft -= count;
+      set_next_block_after (start);
 
-       /* See if we only want new files, and check if this one is too old to
-          put in the archive. */
-       if(   f_new_files
-          && !f_gnudump
-          && new_time>hstat.st_mtime
-          && !S_ISDIR(hstat.st_mode)
-          && (f_new_files>1 || new_time>hstat.st_ctime)) {
-               if(curdev<0) {
-                       msg("%s: is unchanged; not dumped",p);
+    }
+  free (sparsearray);
+#if 0
+  set_next_block_after (start + (count - 1) / BLOCKSIZE);
+#endif
+  return 0;
+}
+\f
+/* Main functions of this module.  */
+
+/*---.
+| ?  |
+`---*/
+
+void
+create_archive (void)
+{
+  char *p;
+
+  open_archive (ACCESS_WRITE);
+
+  if (incremental_option)
+    {
+      char *buffer = xmalloc (PATH_MAX);
+      const char *q;
+      char *bufp;
+
+      collect_and_sort_names ();
+
+      while (p = name_from_list (), p)
+       dump_file (p, (dev_t) -1, 1);
+
+      blank_name_list ();
+      while (p = name_from_list (), p)
+       {
+         strcpy (buffer, p);
+         if (p[strlen (p) - 1] != '/')
+           strcat (buffer, "/");
+         bufp = buffer + strlen (buffer);
+         for (q = gnu_list_name->dir_contents;
+              q && *q;
+              q += strlen (q) + 1)
+           {
+             if (*q == 'Y')
+               {
+                 strcpy (bufp, q + 1);
+                 dump_file (buffer, (dev_t) -1, 1);
                }
-               return;
+           }
        }
+      free (buffer);
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      while (p = name_next (1), p)
+       dump_file (p, (dev_t) -1, 1);
+    }
 
-#ifndef __MSDOS__
-       /* See if we are trying to dump the archive */
-       if(ar_dev && hstat.st_dev==ar_dev && hstat.st_ino==ar_ino) {
-               msg("%s is the archive; not dumped",p);
-               return;
+  write_eot ();
+  close_archive ();
+
+  if (listed_incremental_option)
+    write_dir_file ();
+}
+
+/*----------------------------------------------------------------------.
+| Dump a single file.  Recurse on directories.  Result is nonzero for   |
+| success.  P is file name to dump.  PARENT_DEVICE is device our parent |
+| directory was on.  TOP_LEVEL tells wether we are a toplevel call.     |
+|                                                                       |
+|  Sets global CURRENT_STAT to stat output for this file.               |
+`----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+/* FIXME: One should make sure that for *every* path leading to setting
+   exit_status to failure, a clear diagnostic has been issued.  */
+
+void
+dump_file (char *p, dev_t parent_device, int top_level)
+{
+  union block *header;
+  char type;
+  union block *exhdr;
+  char save_typeflag;
+  struct utimbuf restore_times;
+  off_t restore_size;
+
+  /* FIXME: `header' and `upperbound' might be used uninitialized in this
+     function.  Reported by Bruno Haible.  */
+
+  if (interactive_option && !confirm ("add", p))
+    return;
+
+  /* Use stat if following (rather than dumping) 4.2BSD's symbolic links.
+     Otherwise, use lstat (which falls back to stat if no symbolic links).  */
+
+  if (dereference_option != 0
+#if STX_HIDDEN && !_LARGE_FILES /* AIX */
+      ? statx (p, &current_stat, STATSIZE, STX_HIDDEN)
+      : statx (p, &current_stat, STATSIZE, STX_HIDDEN | STX_LINK)
+#else
+      ? stat (p, &current_stat) : lstat (p, &current_stat)
+#endif
+      )
+    {
+      WARN ((0, errno, _("Cannot add file %s"), p));
+      if (!ignore_failed_read_option)
+       exit_status = TAREXIT_FAILURE;
+      return;
+    }
+
+  restore_times.actime = current_stat.st_atime;
+  restore_times.modtime = current_stat.st_mtime;
+  restore_size = current_stat.st_size;
+
+#ifdef S_ISHIDDEN
+  if (S_ISHIDDEN (current_stat.st_mode))
+    {
+      char *new = (char *) alloca (strlen (p) + 2);
+      if (new)
+       {
+         strcpy (new, p);
+         strcat (new, "@");
+         p = new;
        }
+    }
+#endif
+
+  /* See if we only want new files, and check if this one is too old to
+     put in the archive.  */
+
+  if (!incremental_option && !S_ISDIR (current_stat.st_mode)
+      && current_stat.st_mtime < newer_mtime_option
+      && (!after_date_option || current_stat.st_ctime < newer_ctime_option))
+    {
+      if (parent_device == (dev_t) -1)
+       WARN ((0, 0, _("%s: is unchanged; not dumped"), p));
+      /* FIXME: recheck this return.  */
+      return;
+    }
+
+#if !MSDOS
+  /* See if we are trying to dump the archive.  */
+
+  if (ar_dev && current_stat.st_dev == ar_dev && current_stat.st_ino == ar_ino)
+    {
+      WARN ((0, 0, _("%s is the archive; not dumped"), p));
+      return;
+    }
 #endif
-       /*
-        * Check for multiple links.
-        *
-        * We maintain a list of all such files that we've written so
-        * far.  Any time we see another, we check the list and
-        * avoid dumping the data again if we've done it once already.
-        */
-       if (hstat.st_nlink > 1
-           && (S_ISREG(hstat.st_mode)
+
+  /* Check for multiple links.
+
+     We maintain a list of all such files that we've written so far.  Any
+     time we see another, we check the list and avoid dumping the data
+     again if we've done it once already.  */
+
+  if (current_stat.st_nlink > 1
+      && (S_ISREG (current_stat.st_mode)
 #ifdef S_ISCTG
-               || S_ISCTG(hstat.st_mode)
+         || S_ISCTG (current_stat.st_mode)
 #endif
 #ifdef S_ISCHR
-               || S_ISCHR(hstat.st_mode)
+         || S_ISCHR (current_stat.st_mode)
 #endif
 #ifdef S_ISBLK
-               || S_ISBLK(hstat.st_mode)
+         || S_ISBLK (current_stat.st_mode)
 #endif
 #ifdef S_ISFIFO
-               || S_ISFIFO(hstat.st_mode)
+         || S_ISFIFO (current_stat.st_mode)
 #endif
-               )) {
-               register struct link    *lp;
-
-               /* First quick and dirty.  Hashing, etc later FIXME */
-               for (lp = linklist; lp; lp = lp->next) {
-                       if (lp->ino == hstat.st_ino &&
-                           lp->dev == hstat.st_dev) {
-                               char *link_name = lp->name;
-
-                               /* We found a link. */
-                               while(!f_absolute_paths && *link_name == '/') {
-                                       static int link_warn = 0;
-
-                                       if (!link_warn) {
-                                               msg("Removing leading / from absolute links");
-                                               link_warn++;
-                                       }
-                                       link_name++;
-                               }
-                               if (link_name - lp->name >= NAMSIZ)
-                                 write_long (link_name, LF_LONGLINK);
-
-                               hstat.st_size = 0;
-                               header = start_header(p, &hstat);
-                               if (header == NULL) 
-                                 {
-                                   critical_error = 1;
-                                   goto badfile;
-                                 }
-                               strncpy(header->header.linkname,
-                                       link_name,NAMSIZ);
-
-                               /* Force null truncated */
-                               header->header.linkname [NAMSIZ-1] = 0;
-
-                               header->header.linkflag = LF_LINK;
-                               finish_header(header);
-               /* FIXME: Maybe remove from list after all links found? */
-                               if (f_remove_files)
-                                 {
-                                   if (unlink (p) == -1)
-                                     msg_perror ("cannot remove %s", p);
-                                 }
-                               return;         /* We dumped it */
-                       }
-               }
+      ))
+    {
+      struct link *lp;
 
-               /* Not found.  Add it to the list of possible links. */
-               lp = (struct link *)malloc((unsigned)(sizeof(struct link)+strlen(p)));
-               if (!lp) {
-                       if (!nolinks) {
-                               msg(
-       "no memory for links, they will be dumped as separate files");
-                               nolinks++;
-                       }
-               }
-               lp->ino = hstat.st_ino;
-               lp->dev = hstat.st_dev;
-               strcpy(lp->name, p);
-               lp->next = linklist;
-               linklist = lp;
-       }
+      /* FIXME: First quick and dirty.  Hashing, etc later.  */
 
-       /*
-        * This is not a link to a previously dumped file, so dump it.
-        */
-       if (S_ISREG(hstat.st_mode)
-#ifdef S_ISCTG
-           || S_ISCTG(hstat.st_mode)
-#endif
-           )
-       {
-               int     f;              /* File descriptor */
-               long    bufsize, count;
-               long    sizeleft;
-               register union record   *start;
-               int     header_moved;
-               char    isextended = 0;
-               int     upperbound;
-/*             int     end_nulls = 0; */
-               
-               header_moved = 0;
-
-#ifdef BSD42
-               if (f_sparse_files) {
-               /*
-                * JK - This is the test for sparseness: whether the
-                * "size" of the file matches the number of blocks
-                * allocated for it.  If there is a smaller number
-                * of blocks that would be necessary to accommodate
-                * a file of this size, we have a sparse file, i.e.,
-                * at least one of those records in the file is just
-                * a useless hole.
-                */
-#ifdef hpux    /* Nice of HPUX to gratuitiously change it, huh?  - mib */
-                       if (hstat.st_size - (hstat.st_blocks * 1024) > 1024 )
-#else
-                       if (hstat.st_size - (hstat.st_blocks * RECORDSIZE) > RECORDSIZE)
-#endif
-                         {
-                               int     filesize = hstat.st_size;
-                               register int i;
-                               
-                               header = start_header(p, &hstat);
-                               if (header == NULL)
-                                 {
-                                   critical_error = 1;
-                                   goto badfile;
-                                 }
-                               header->header.linkflag = LF_SPARSE;
-                               header_moved++;
-                               
-                       /*
-                        * Call the routine that figures out the
-                        * layout of the sparse file in question.
-                        * UPPERBOUND is the index of the last
-                        * element of the "sparsearray," i.e.,
-                        * the number of elements it needed to
-                        * describe the file.
-                        */
-                                
-                               upperbound = deal_with_sparse(p, header);
-                                               
-                       /* 
-                        * See if we'll need an extended header
-                        * later
-                        */
-                               if (upperbound > SPARSE_IN_HDR-1)
-                                       header->header.isextended++;
-                       /*
-                        * We store the "real" file size so
-                        * we can show that in case someone wants
-                        * to list the archive, i.e., tar tvf <file>.
-                        * It might be kind of disconcerting if the
-                        * shrunken file size was the one that showed
-                        * up.
-                        */
-                                to_oct((long) hstat.st_size, 1+12, 
-                                               header->header.realsize);
-                                       
-                       /*
-                        * This will be the new "size" of the
-                        * file, i.e., the size of the file
-                        * minus the records of holes that we're
-                        * skipping over. 
-                        */
-                                
-                               find_new_file_size(&filesize, upperbound);
-                               hstat.st_size = filesize;
-                               to_oct((long) filesize, 1+12,
-                                               header->header.size);
-/*                             to_oct((long) end_nulls, 1+12, 
-                                               header->header.ending_blanks);*/
-                                               
-                               for (i = 0; i < SPARSE_IN_HDR; i++) {
-                                       if (!sparsearray[i].numbytes)
-                                               break;
-                                       to_oct(sparsearray[i].offset, 1+12,
-                                               header->header.sp[i].offset);
-                                       to_oct(sparsearray[i].numbytes, 1+12,
-                                               header->header.sp[i].numbytes);
-                               }
-                                       
-                       }
-               }
-#else
-               upperbound=SPARSE_IN_HDR-1;
-#endif
-               
-               sizeleft = hstat.st_size;
-               /* Don't bother opening empty, world readable files. */
-               if (sizeleft > 0 || 0444 != (0444 & hstat.st_mode)) {
-                       f = open(p, O_RDONLY|O_BINARY);
-                       if (f < 0) goto badperror;
-               } else {
-                       f = -1;
-               }
-               
-               /* If the file is sparse, we've already taken care of this */
-               if (!header_moved) {
-                       header = start_header(p, &hstat);
-                       if (header == NULL) {
-                               if(f>=0)
-                                       (void)close(f);
-                               critical_error = 1;
-                               goto badfile;
-                       }
-               }
-#ifdef S_ISCTG
-               /* Mark contiguous files, if we support them */
-               if (f_standard && S_ISCTG(hstat.st_mode)) {
-                       header->header.linkflag = LF_CONTIG;
-               }
-#endif
-               isextended = header->header.isextended;
-               save_linkflag = header->header.linkflag;
-               finish_header(header);
-               if (isextended) {
-/*                     int      sum = 0;*/
-                       register int i;
-/*                     register union record *exhdr;*/
-/*                     int      arraybound = SPARSE_EXT_HDR;*/
-                       /* static */ int index_offset = SPARSE_IN_HDR;
-                       
-       extend:         exhdr = findrec();
-                       
-                       if (exhdr == NULL) 
-                         {
-                           critical_error = 1;
-                           goto badfile;
-                         }
-                       bzero(exhdr->charptr, RECORDSIZE);
-                       for (i = 0; i < SPARSE_EXT_HDR; i++) {
-                               if (i+index_offset > upperbound)
-                                       break;
-                               to_oct((long) sparsearray[i+index_offset].numbytes,
-                                       1+12,
-                                       exhdr->ext_hdr.sp[i].numbytes);
-                               to_oct((long) sparsearray[i+index_offset].offset,
-                                       1+12,
-                                       exhdr->ext_hdr.sp[i].offset);
-                       }
-                       userec(exhdr);
-/*                     sum += i;
-                       if (sum < upperbound)
-                               goto extend;*/
-                       if (index_offset+i < upperbound) {
-                               index_offset += i;
-                               exhdr->ext_hdr.isextended++;
-                               goto extend;
-                       }
-                               
-               }
-               if (save_linkflag == LF_SPARSE) {
-                       if (finish_sparse_file(f, &sizeleft, hstat.st_size, p))
-                               goto padit;
-               }
-               else
-                 while (sizeleft > 0) {
-                       
-                       if(f_multivol) {   
-                               save_name = p;
-                               save_sizeleft = sizeleft;
-                               save_totsize = hstat.st_size;
-                       }
-                       start = findrec();
-
-                       bufsize = endofrecs()->charptr - start->charptr;
-                               
-                       if (sizeleft < bufsize) {
-                               /* Last read -- zero out area beyond */
-                               bufsize = (int)sizeleft;
-                               count = bufsize % RECORDSIZE;
-                               if (count) 
-                                       bzero(start->charptr + sizeleft,
-                                               (int)(RECORDSIZE - count));
-                       }
-                       count = read(f, start->charptr, bufsize);
-                       if (count < 0) {
-                               msg_perror("read error at byte %ld, reading\
- %d bytes, in file %s",  hstat.st_size - sizeleft, bufsize,p);
-                               goto padit;
-                       }
-                       sizeleft -= count;
-
-                       /* This is nonportable (the type of userec's arg). */
-                       userec(start+(count-1)/RECORDSIZE);
-
-                       if (count == bufsize) continue;
-                       msg( "file %s shrunk by %d bytes, padding with zeros.", p, sizeleft);
-                       goto padit;             /* Short read */
-               }
+      for (lp = linklist; lp; lp = lp->next)
+       if (lp->ino == current_stat.st_ino && lp->dev == current_stat.st_dev)
+         {
+           char *link_name = lp->name;
 
-               if(f_multivol)
-                       save_name = 0;
+           /* We found a link.  */
 
-               if (f >= 0)
-                       (void)close(f);
+           while (!absolute_names_option && *link_name == '/')
+             {
+               static int warned_once = 0;
 
-               if (f_remove_files)
+               if (!warned_once)
                  {
-                   if (unlink (p) == -1)
-                     msg_perror ("cannot remove %s", p);
+                   warned_once = 1;
+                   WARN ((0, 0, _("\
+Removing leading `/' from absolute links")));
                  }
-               if (f_atime_preserve)
-                 utime (p, restore_times);
+               link_name++;
+             }
+           if (strlen (link_name) >= NAME_FIELD_SIZE)
+             write_long (link_name, GNUTYPE_LONGLINK);
+           assign_string (&current_link_name, link_name);
+
+           current_stat.st_size = 0;
+           header = start_header (p, &current_stat);
+           if (header == NULL)
+             {
+               exit_status = TAREXIT_FAILURE;
                return;
+             }
+           strncpy (header->header.linkname,
+                    link_name, NAME_FIELD_SIZE);
 
-               /*
-                * File shrunk or gave error, pad out tape to match
-                * the size we specified in the header.
-                */
-       padit:
-               while(sizeleft>0) {
-                       save_sizeleft=sizeleft;
-                       start=findrec();
-                       bzero(start->charptr,RECORDSIZE);
-                       userec(start);
-                       sizeleft-=RECORDSIZE;
-               }
-               if(f_multivol)
-                       save_name=0;
-               if(f>=0)
-                       (void)close(f);
-               if (f_atime_preserve)
-                 utime (p, restore_times);
-               return;
-       }
+           /* Force null truncated.  */
 
-#ifdef S_ISLNK
-       else if(S_ISLNK(hstat.st_mode))
-       {
-               int size;
-               char *buf = alloca (PATH_MAX + 1);
-
-               size = readlink (p, buf, PATH_MAX + 1);
-               if (size < 0) 
-                 goto badperror;
-               buf[size] = '\0';
-               if (size >= NAMSIZ)
-                 write_long (buf, LF_LONGLINK);
-
-               buf[NAMSIZ - 1] = '\0';
-               if (size >= NAMSIZ)
-                 size = NAMSIZ - 1;
-               hstat.st_size = 0;              /* Force 0 size on symlink */
-               header = start_header(p, &hstat);
-               if (header == NULL) 
-                 {
-                   critical_error = 1;
-                   goto badfile;
-                 }
-               strcpy (header->header.linkname, buf);
-               header->header.linkflag = LF_SYMLINK;
-               finish_header(header);          /* Nothing more to do to it */
-               if (f_remove_files)
-                 {
-                   if (unlink (p) == -1)
-                     msg_perror ("cannot remove %s", p);
-                 }
-               return;
-       }
-#endif
+           header->header.linkname[NAME_FIELD_SIZE - 1] = 0;
 
-       else if (S_ISDIR(hstat.st_mode))
-       {
-               register DIR *dirp;
-               register struct direct *d;
-               char *namebuf;
-               int buflen;
-               register int len;
-               int our_device = hstat.st_dev;
-
-               /* Build new prototype name */
-               len = strlen(p);
-               buflen=len+NAMSIZ;
-               namebuf=ck_malloc(buflen+1);
-               strncpy(namebuf, p, buflen);
-               while (len >= 1 && '/' == namebuf[len-1]) 
-                       len--;                  /* Delete trailing slashes */
-               namebuf[len++] = '/';           /* Now add exactly one back */
-               namebuf[len] = '\0';            /* Make sure null-terminated */
-
-               /*
-                * Output directory header record with permissions
-                * FIXME, do this AFTER files, to avoid R/O dir problems?
-                * If old archive format, don't write record at all.
-                */
-               if (!f_oldarch) {
-                       hstat.st_size = 0;      /* Force 0 size on dir */
-                       /*
-                        * If people could really read standard archives,
-                        * this should be:              (FIXME)
-                       header = start_header(f_standard? p: namebuf, &hstat);
-                        * but since they'd interpret LF_DIR records as
-                        * regular files, we'd better put the / on the name.
-                        */
-                       header = start_header(namebuf, &hstat);
-                       if (header == NULL)
-                         {
-                           critical_error = 1;
-                           goto badfile;       /* eg name too long */
-                         }
-
-                       if (f_gnudump)
-                               header->header.linkflag = LF_DUMPDIR;
-                       else if (f_standard)
-                               header->header.linkflag = LF_DIR;
-
-                       /* If we're gnudumping, we aren't done yet so don't close it. */
-                       if(!f_gnudump)
-                               finish_header(header);  /* Done with directory header */
-               }
+           header->header.typeflag = LNKTYPE;
+           finish_header (header);
 
-               if(f_gnudump) {
-                       int sizeleft;
-                       int totsize;
-                       int bufsize;
-                       union record *start;
-                       int count;
-                       char *buf,*p_buf;
-
-                       buf=gnu_list_name->dir_contents; /* FOO */
-                       totsize=0;
-                       for(p_buf=buf;p_buf && *p_buf;) {
-                               int tmp;
-
-                               tmp=strlen(p_buf)+1;
-                               totsize+=tmp;
-                               p_buf+=tmp;
-                       }
-                       totsize++;
-                       to_oct((long)totsize,1+12,header->header.size);
-                       finish_header(header);
-                       p_buf=buf;
-                       sizeleft=totsize;
-                       while(sizeleft>0) {
-                               if(f_multivol) {
-                                       save_name=p;
-                                       save_sizeleft=sizeleft;
-                                       save_totsize=totsize;
-                               }
-                               start=findrec();
-                               bufsize=endofrecs()->charptr - start->charptr;
-                               if(sizeleft<bufsize) {
-                                       bufsize=sizeleft;
-                                       count=bufsize%RECORDSIZE;
-                                       if(count)
-                                               bzero(start->charptr+sizeleft,RECORDSIZE-count);
-                               }
-                               bcopy(p_buf,start->charptr,bufsize);
-                               sizeleft-=bufsize;
-                               p_buf+=bufsize;
-                               userec(start+(bufsize-1)/RECORDSIZE);
-                       }
-                       if(f_multivol)
-                               save_name = 0;
-                       if (f_atime_preserve)
-                         utime (p, restore_times);
-                       return;
-               }
+           /* FIXME: Maybe remove from list after all links found?  */
+
+           if (remove_files_option)
+             if (unlink (p) == -1)
+               ERROR ((0, errno, _("Cannot remove %s"), p));
+
+           /* We dumped it.  */
+           return;
+         }
 
-               /* Now output all the files in the directory */
+      /* Not found.  Add it to the list of possible links.  */
+
+      lp = (struct link *)
+       xmalloc ((size_t) (sizeof (struct link) + strlen (p)));
+      lp->ino = current_stat.st_ino;
+      lp->dev = current_stat.st_dev;
+      strcpy (lp->name, p);
+      lp->next = linklist;
+      linklist = lp;
+    }
+
+  /* This is not a link to a previously dumped file, so dump it.  */
+
+  if (S_ISREG (current_stat.st_mode)
+#ifdef S_ISCTG
+      || S_ISCTG (current_stat.st_mode)
+#endif
+      )
+    {
+      int f;                   /* file descriptor */
+      size_t bufsize;
+      ssize_t count;
+      off_t sizeleft;
+      union block *start;
+      int header_moved;
+      char isextended = 0;
+      int upperbound;
 #if 0
-               if (f_dironly)
-                       return;         /* Unless the cmdline said not to */
+      static int cried_once = 0;
 #endif
-               /*
-                * See if we are crossing from one file system to another,
-                * and avoid doing so if the user only wants to dump one file system.
-                */
-               if (f_local_filesys && !toplevel && curdev != hstat.st_dev) {
-                       if(f_verbose)
-                               msg("%s: is on a different filesystem; not dumped",p);
-                       return;
-               }
 
+      header_moved = 0;
 
-               errno = 0;
-               dirp = opendir(p);
-               if (!dirp) {
-                       if (errno) {
-                               msg_perror ("can't open directory %s",p);
-                       } else {
-                               msg("error opening directory %s",
-                                       p);
-                       }
-                       return;
+      if (sparse_option)
+       {
+         /* Check the size of the file against the number of blocks
+            allocated for it, counting both data and indirect blocks.
+            If there is a smaller number of blocks that would be
+            necessary to accommodate a file of this size, this is safe
+            to say that we have a sparse file: at least one of those
+            blocks in the file is just a useless hole.  For sparse
+            files not having more hole blocks than indirect blocks, the
+            sparseness will go undetected.  */
+
+         /* Bruno Haible sent me these statistics for Linux.  It seems
+            that some filesystems count indirect blocks in st_blocks,
+            while others do not seem to:
+
+            minix-fs   tar: size=7205, st_blocks=18 and ST_NBLOCKS=18
+            extfs      tar: size=7205, st_blocks=18 and ST_NBLOCKS=18
+            ext2fs     tar: size=7205, st_blocks=16 and ST_NBLOCKS=16
+            msdos-fs   tar: size=7205, st_blocks=16 and ST_NBLOCKS=16
+
+            Dick Streefland reports the previous numbers as misleading,
+            because ext2fs use 12 direct blocks, while minix-fs uses only
+            6 direct blocks.  Dick gets:
+
+            ext2       size=20480      ls listed blocks=21
+            minix      size=20480      ls listed blocks=21
+            msdos      size=20480      ls listed blocks=20
+
+            It seems that indirect blocks *are* included in st_blocks.
+            The minix filesystem does not account for phantom blocks in
+            st_blocks, so `du' and `ls -s' give wrong results.  So, the
+            --sparse option would not work on a minix filesystem.  */
+
+         if (ST_NBLOCKS (current_stat)
+             < (current_stat.st_size / ST_NBLOCKSIZE
+                + (current_stat.st_size % ST_NBLOCKSIZE != 0)))
+           {
+             off_t filesize = current_stat.st_size;
+             int counter;
+
+             header = start_header (p, &current_stat);
+             if (header == NULL)
+               {
+                 exit_status = TAREXIT_FAILURE;
+                 return;
                }
+             header->header.typeflag = GNUTYPE_SPARSE;
+             header_moved = 1;
+
+             /* Call the routine that figures out the layout of the
+                sparse file in question.  UPPERBOUND is the index of the
+                last element of the "sparsearray," i.e., the number of
+                elements it needed to describe the file.  */
+
+             upperbound = deal_with_sparse (p, header);
+
+             /* See if we'll need an extended header later.  */
+
+             if (upperbound > SPARSES_IN_OLDGNU_HEADER - 1)
+               header->oldgnu_header.isextended = 1;
+
+             /* We store the "real" file size so we can show that in
+                case someone wants to list the archive, i.e., tar tvf
+                <file>.  It might be kind of disconcerting if the
+                shrunken file size was the one that showed up.  */
 
-               /* Hack to remove "./" from the front of all the file names */
-               if (len == 2 && namebuf[0] == '.' && namebuf[1]=='/')
-                       len = 0;
-
-               /* Should speed this up by cd-ing into the dir, FIXME */
-               while (NULL != (d=readdir(dirp))) {
-                       /* Skip . and .. */
-                       if(is_dot_or_dotdot(d->d_name))
-                               continue;
-
-                       if (DP_NAMELEN(d) + len >= buflen) {
-                               buflen=len+DP_NAMELEN(d);
-                               namebuf=ck_realloc(namebuf,buflen+1);
-                               /* namebuf[len]='\0';
-                               msg("file name %s%s too long", 
-                                       namebuf, d->d_name);
-                               continue; */
-                       }
-                       strcpy(namebuf+len, d->d_name);
-                       if(f_exclude && check_exclude(namebuf))
-                               continue;
-                       dump_file(namebuf, our_device, 0);
+             OFF_TO_OCT (current_stat.st_size,
+                         header->oldgnu_header.realsize);
+
+             /* This will be the new "size" of the file, i.e., the size
+                of the file minus the blocks of holes that we're
+                skipping over.  */
+
+             find_new_file_size (&filesize, upperbound);
+             current_stat.st_size = filesize;
+             OFF_TO_OCT (filesize, header->header.size);
+
+             for (counter = 0; counter < SPARSES_IN_OLDGNU_HEADER; counter++)
+               {
+                 if (!sparsearray[counter].numbytes)
+                   break;
+
+                 OFF_TO_OCT (sparsearray[counter].offset,
+                             header->oldgnu_header.sp[counter].offset);
+                 SIZE_TO_OCT (sparsearray[counter].numbytes,
+                              header->oldgnu_header.sp[counter].numbytes);
                }
 
-               closedir(dirp);
-               free(namebuf);
-               if (f_atime_preserve)
-                 utime (p, restore_times);
-               return;
+           }
        }
+      else
+       upperbound = SPARSES_IN_OLDGNU_HEADER - 1;
 
-#ifdef S_ISCHR
-       else if (S_ISCHR(hstat.st_mode)) {
-               type = LF_CHR;
-             }
-#endif
+      sizeleft = current_stat.st_size;
 
-#ifdef S_ISBLK
-       else if (S_ISBLK(hstat.st_mode)) {
-               type = LF_BLK;
-             }
+      /* Don't bother opening empty, world readable files.  Also do not open
+        files when archive is meant for /dev/null.  */
+
+      if (dev_null_output
+         || (sizeleft == 0 && 0444 == (0444 & current_stat.st_mode)))
+       f = -1;
+      else
+       {
+         f = open (p, O_RDONLY | O_BINARY);
+         if (f < 0)
+           {
+             WARN ((0, errno, _("Cannot add file %s"), p));
+             if (!ignore_failed_read_option)
+               exit_status = TAREXIT_FAILURE;
+             return;
+           }
+       }
+
+      /* If the file is sparse, we've already taken care of this.  */
+
+      if (!header_moved)
+       {
+         header = start_header (p, &current_stat);
+         if (header == NULL)
+           {
+             if (f >= 0)
+               close (f);
+             exit_status = TAREXIT_FAILURE;
+             return;
+           }
+       }
+#ifdef S_ISCTG
+      /* Mark contiguous files, if we support them.  */
+
+      if (archive_format != V7_FORMAT && S_ISCTG (current_stat.st_mode))
+       header->header.typeflag = CONTTYPE;
+#endif
+      isextended = header->oldgnu_header.isextended;
+      save_typeflag = header->header.typeflag;
+      finish_header (header);
+      if (isextended)
+       {
+#if 0
+         int sum = 0;
+#endif
+         int counter;
+#if 0
+         union block *exhdr;
+         int arraybound = SPARSES_IN_SPARSE_HEADER;
 #endif
+         /* static */ int index_offset = SPARSES_IN_OLDGNU_HEADER;
+
+       extend:
+         exhdr = find_next_block ();
+
+         if (exhdr == NULL)
+           {
+             exit_status = TAREXIT_FAILURE;
+             return;
+           }
+         memset (exhdr->buffer, 0, BLOCKSIZE);
+         for (counter = 0; counter < SPARSES_IN_SPARSE_HEADER; counter++)
+           {
+             if (counter + index_offset > upperbound)
+               break;
+
+             SIZE_TO_OCT (sparsearray[counter + index_offset].numbytes,
+                          exhdr->sparse_header.sp[counter].numbytes);
+             OFF_TO_OCT (sparsearray[counter + index_offset].offset,
+                         exhdr->sparse_header.sp[counter].offset);
+           }
+         set_next_block_after (exhdr);
+#if 0
+         sum += counter;
+         if (sum < upperbound)
+           goto extend;
+#endif
+         if (index_offset + counter <= upperbound)
+           {
+             index_offset += counter;
+             exhdr->sparse_header.isextended = 1;
+             goto extend;
+           }
 
-/* Avoid screwy apollo lossage where S_IFIFO == S_IFSOCK */
-#if (_ISP__M68K == 0) && (_ISP__A88K == 0) && defined(S_ISFIFO)
-       else if (S_ISFIFO(hstat.st_mode)) {
-               type = LF_FIFO;
+       }
+      if (save_typeflag == GNUTYPE_SPARSE)
+       {
+         if (finish_sparse_file (f, &sizeleft, current_stat.st_size, p))
+           goto padit;
+       }
+      else
+       while (sizeleft > 0)
+         {
+           if (multi_volume_option)
+             {
+               assign_string (&save_name, p);
+               save_sizeleft = sizeleft;
+               save_totsize = current_stat.st_size;
              }
-#endif
+           start = find_next_block ();
 
-#ifdef S_ISSOCK
-       else if (S_ISSOCK(hstat.st_mode)) {
-               type = LF_FIFO;
+           bufsize = available_space_after (start);
+
+           if (sizeleft < bufsize)
+             {
+               /* Last read -- zero out area beyond.  */
+
+               bufsize = sizeleft;
+               count = bufsize % BLOCKSIZE;
+               if (count)
+                 memset (start->buffer + sizeleft, 0,
+                         (size_t) (BLOCKSIZE - count));
              }
-#endif
-       else
-               goto unknown;
+           if (f < 0)
+             count = bufsize;
+           else
+             count = full_read (f, start->buffer, bufsize);
+           if (count < 0)
+             {
+               char buf[UINTMAX_STRSIZE_BOUND];
+               ERROR ((0, errno, _("\
+Read error at byte %s, reading %lu bytes, in file %s"),
+                       STRINGIFY_BIGINT (current_stat.st_size - sizeleft,
+                                         buf),
+                       (unsigned long) bufsize, p));
+               goto padit;
+             }
+           sizeleft -= count;
 
-       if (!f_standard) goto unknown;
+           /* This is nonportable (the type of set_next_block_after's arg).  */
 
-       hstat.st_size = 0;              /* Force 0 size */
-       header = start_header(p, &hstat);
-       if (header == NULL) 
-         {
-           critical_error = 1;
-           goto badfile;       /* eg name too long */
+           set_next_block_after (start + (count - 1) / BLOCKSIZE);
+
+           if (count == bufsize)
+             continue;
+           else
+             {
+               char buf[UINTMAX_STRSIZE_BOUND];
+               ERROR ((0, 0,
+                       _("File %s shrunk by %s bytes, padding with zeros"),
+                       p, STRINGIFY_BIGINT (sizeleft, buf)));
+               goto padit;             /* short read */
+             }
          }
 
-       header->header.linkflag = type;
-#if defined(S_IFBLK) || defined(S_IFCHR)
-       if (type != LF_FIFO) {
-               to_oct((long) major(hstat.st_rdev), 8,
-                       header->header.devmajor);
-               to_oct((long) minor(hstat.st_rdev), 8,
-                       header->header.devminor);
+      if (multi_volume_option)
+       assign_string (&save_name, NULL);
+
+      if (f >= 0)
+       {
+         struct stat final_stat;
+         if (fstat (f, &final_stat) != 0)
+           ERROR ((0, errno, "%s: fstat", p));
+         else if (final_stat.st_mtime != restore_times.modtime
+                  || final_stat.st_size != restore_size)
+           ERROR ((0, errno, _("%s: file changed as we read it"), p));
+         if (close (f) != 0)
+           ERROR ((0, errno, _("%s: close"), p));
+         if (atime_preserve_option)
+           utime (p, &restore_times);
        }
-#endif
+      if (remove_files_option)
+       {
+         if (unlink (p) == -1)
+           ERROR ((0, errno, _("Cannot remove %s"), p));
+       }
+      return;
 
-       finish_header(header);
-       if (f_remove_files)
-         {
-           if (unlink (p) == -1)
-             msg_perror ("cannot remove %s", p);
-         }
-       return;
+      /* File shrunk or gave error, pad out tape to match the size we
+        specified in the header.  */
 
-       unknown:
-       msg("%s: Unknown file type; file ignored.", p);
-}
+    padit:
+      while (sizeleft > 0)
+       {
+         save_sizeleft = sizeleft;
+         start = find_next_block ();
+         memset (start->buffer, 0, BLOCKSIZE);
+         set_next_block_after (start);
+         sizeleft -= BLOCKSIZE;
+       }
+      if (multi_volume_option)
+       assign_string (&save_name, NULL);
+      if (f >= 0)
+       {
+         close (f);
+         if (atime_preserve_option)
+           utime (p, &restore_times);
+       }
+      return;
+    }
 
-int
-finish_sparse_file(fd, sizeleft, fullsize, name)
-       int     fd;
-       long    *sizeleft,
-               fullsize;
-       char    *name;
-{
-       union record    *start;
-       char            tempbuf[RECORDSIZE];
-       int             bufsize,
-                       sparse_ind = 0,
-                       count;
-       long            pos;
-       long            nwritten = 0;
-
-
-       while (*sizeleft > 0) {
-               start = findrec();
-               bzero(start->charptr, RECORDSIZE);
-               bufsize = sparsearray[sparse_ind].numbytes;
-               if (!bufsize) {  /* we blew it, maybe */
-                       msg("Wrote %ld of %ld bytes to file %s",
-                                  fullsize - *sizeleft, fullsize, name);
-                       break;
-               }
-               pos = lseek(fd, sparsearray[sparse_ind++].offset, 0);
-               /* 
-                * If the number of bytes to be written here exceeds
-                * the size of the temporary buffer, do it in steps.
-                */
-               while (bufsize > RECORDSIZE) {
-/*                     if (amt_read) {
-                               count = read(fd, start->charptr+amt_read, RECORDSIZE-amt_read);
-                               bufsize -= RECORDSIZE - amt_read;
-                               amt_read = 0;
-                               userec(start);
-                               start = findrec();
-                               bzero(start->charptr, RECORDSIZE);
-                       }*/
-                       /* store the data */
-                       count = read(fd, start->charptr, RECORDSIZE);
-                       if (count < 0)  {
-                               msg_perror("read error at byte %ld, reading %d bytes, in file %s", 
-                                               fullsize - *sizeleft, bufsize, name);
-                               return 1;
-                       }                       
-                       bufsize -= count;
-                       *sizeleft -= count;
-                       userec(start);
-                       nwritten += RECORDSIZE; /* XXX */
-                       start = findrec();
-                       bzero(start->charptr, RECORDSIZE);
-               }
+#ifdef S_ISLNK
+  else if (S_ISLNK (current_stat.st_mode))
+    {
+      int size;
+      char *buffer = (char *) alloca (PATH_MAX + 1);
 
+      size = readlink (p, buffer, PATH_MAX + 1);
+      if (size < 0)
+       {
+         WARN ((0, errno, _("Cannot add file %s"), p));
+         if (!ignore_failed_read_option)
+           exit_status = TAREXIT_FAILURE;
+         return;
+       }
+      buffer[size] = '\0';
+      if (size >= NAME_FIELD_SIZE)
+       write_long (buffer, GNUTYPE_LONGLINK);
+      assign_string (&current_link_name, buffer);
+
+      current_stat.st_size = 0;        /* force 0 size on symlink */
+      header = start_header (p, &current_stat);
+      if (header == NULL)
+       {
+         exit_status = TAREXIT_FAILURE;
+         return;
+       }
+      strncpy (header->header.linkname, buffer, NAME_FIELD_SIZE);
+      header->header.linkname[NAME_FIELD_SIZE - 1] = '\0';
+      header->header.typeflag = SYMTYPE;
+      finish_header (header);  /* nothing more to do to it */
+      if (remove_files_option)
+       {
+         if (unlink (p) == -1)
+           ERROR ((0, errno, _("Cannot remove %s"), p));
+       }
+      return;
+    }
+#endif /* S_ISLNK */
 
-               clear_buffer(tempbuf);
-               count = read(fd, tempbuf, bufsize);
-               bcopy(tempbuf, start->charptr, RECORDSIZE);
-               if (count < 0)  {
-                       msg_perror("read error at byte %ld, reading %d bytes, in file %s", 
-                                       fullsize - *sizeleft, bufsize, name);
-                       return 1;
-               }
-/*             if (amt_read >= RECORDSIZE) {
-                       amt_read = 0;
-                       userec(start+(count-1)/RECORDSIZE);
-                       if (count != bufsize) {
-                               msg("file %s shrunk by %d bytes, padding with zeros.", name, sizeleft);
-                               return 1;
-                       }
-                       start = findrec();
-               } else 
-                       amt_read += bufsize;*/
-               nwritten += count; /* XXX */
-               *sizeleft -= count;
-               userec(start);
+  else if (S_ISDIR (current_stat.st_mode))
+    {
+      DIR *directory;
+      struct dirent *entry;
+      char *namebuf;
+      size_t buflen;
+      size_t len;
+      dev_t our_device = current_stat.st_dev;
 
-       }
-       free(sparsearray);
-/*     printf ("Amount actually written is (I hope) %d.\n", nwritten); */
-/*     userec(start+(count-1)/RECORDSIZE);*/
-       return 0;
+      /* If this tar program is installed suid root, like for Amanda, the
+        access might look like denied, while it is not really.
 
-}
+        FIXME: I have the feeling this test is done too early.  Couldn't it
+        just be bundled in later actions?  I guess that the proper support
+        of --ignore-failed-read is the key of the current writing.  */
 
-void
-init_sparsearray()
-{
-       register int i;
-
-       sp_array_size = 10;
-       /* 
-        * Make room for our scratch space -- initially is 10 elts long
-        */
-       sparsearray = (struct sp_array *) malloc(sp_array_size * sizeof(struct sp_array));
-       for (i = 0; i < sp_array_size; i++) {
-               sparsearray[i].offset = 0;
-               sparsearray[i].numbytes = 0;
+      if (access (p, R_OK) == -1 && geteuid () != 0)
+       {
+         WARN ((0, errno, _("Cannot add directory %s"), p));
+         if (!ignore_failed_read_option)
+           exit_status = TAREXIT_FAILURE;
+         return;
        }
-}
 
+      /* Build new prototype name.  Ensure exactly one trailing slash.  */
 
+      len = strlen (p);
+      buflen = len + NAME_FIELD_SIZE;
+      namebuf = xmalloc (buflen + 1);
+      strncpy (namebuf, p, buflen);
+      while (len >= 1 && namebuf[len - 1] == '/')
+       len--;
+      namebuf[len++] = '/';
+      namebuf[len] = '\0';
 
-/*
- * Okay, we've got a sparse file on our hands -- now, what we need to do is
- * make a pass through the file and carefully note where any data is, i.e.,
- * we want to find how far into the file each instance of data is, and how
- * many bytes are there.  We store this information in the sparsearray,
- * which will later be translated into header information.  For now, we use
- * the sparsearray as convenient storage.
- *
- * As a side note, this routine is a mess.  If I could have found a cleaner
- * way to do it, I would have.  If anyone wants to find a nicer way to do
- * this, feel free.
- */
-
-/* There is little point in trimming small amounts of null data at the */
- /* head and tail of blocks -- it's ok if we only avoid dumping blocks */
- /* of complete null data */
-int
-deal_with_sparse(name, header, nulls_at_end)
-       char            *name;
-       union record    *header;
-       int             nulls_at_end;
-{
-       long    numbytes = 0;
-       long    offset = 0;
-/*     long    save_offset;*/
-       int     fd;
-/*     int     current_size = hstat.st_size;*/
-       int     sparse_ind = 0,
-               cc;
-       char    buf[RECORDSIZE];
-#if 0
-       int     read_last_data = 0; /* did we just read the last record? */
-#endif
-       int     amidst_data = 0;
-       
-       header->header.isextended = 0;
-       /* 
-        * Can't open the file -- this problem will be caught later on,
-        * so just return.
-        */
-       if ((fd = open(name, O_RDONLY)) < 0)
-               return 0;
-               
-       init_sparsearray();
-       clear_buffer(buf);
-
-       while ((cc = read(fd, buf, sizeof buf)) != 0) {
-                       
-               if (sparse_ind > sp_array_size-1) {
-               
-               /*
-                * realloc the scratch area, since we've run out of room --
-                */
-                       sparsearray = (struct sp_array *) 
-                                       realloc(sparsearray,
-                                               2 * sp_array_size * (sizeof(struct sp_array)));
-                       sp_array_size *= 2;
+      if (1)
+       {
+         /* The "1" above used to be "archive_format != V7_FORMAT", GNU tar
+            was just not writing directory blocks at all.  Daniel Trinkle
+            writes: ``All old versions of tar I have ever seen have
+            correctly archived an empty directory.  The really old ones I
+            checked included HP-UX 7 and Mt. Xinu More/BSD.  There may be
+            some subtle reason for the exclusion that I don't know, but the
+            current behavior is broken.''  I do not know those subtle
+            reasons either, so until these are reported (anew?), just allow
+            directory blocks to be written even with old archives.  */
+
+         current_stat.st_size = 0;     /* force 0 size on dir */
+
+         /* FIXME: If people could really read standard archives, this
+            should be:
+
+            header
+              = start_header (standard_option ? p : namebuf, &current_stat);
+
+            but since they'd interpret DIRTYPE blocks as regular
+            files, we'd better put the / on the name.  */
+
+         header = start_header (namebuf, &current_stat);
+         if (header == NULL)
+           {
+             exit_status = TAREXIT_FAILURE;
+             return;   /* eg name too long */
+           }
+
+         if (incremental_option)
+           header->header.typeflag = GNUTYPE_DUMPDIR;
+         else /* if (standard_option) */
+           header->header.typeflag = DIRTYPE;
+
+         /* If we're gnudumping, we aren't done yet so don't close it.  */
+
+         if (!incremental_option)
+           finish_header (header);     /* done with directory header */
+       }
+
+      if (incremental_option && gnu_list_name->dir_contents)
+       {
+         off_t sizeleft;
+         off_t totsize;
+         size_t bufsize;
+         union block *start;
+         ssize_t count;
+         const char *buffer, *p_buffer;
+
+         buffer = gnu_list_name->dir_contents; /* FOO */
+         totsize = 0;
+         for (p_buffer = buffer; p_buffer && *p_buffer;)
+           {
+             size_t tmp;
+
+             tmp = strlen (p_buffer) + 1;
+             totsize += tmp;
+             p_buffer += tmp;
+           }
+         totsize++;
+         OFF_TO_OCT (totsize, header->header.size);
+         finish_header (header);
+         p_buffer = buffer;
+         sizeleft = totsize;
+         while (sizeleft > 0)
+           {
+             if (multi_volume_option)
+               {
+                 assign_string (&save_name, p);
+                 save_sizeleft = sizeleft;
+                 save_totsize = totsize;
                }
-               if (cc == sizeof buf) {
-                       if (zero_record(buf)) {
-                               if (amidst_data) {
-                                       sparsearray[sparse_ind++].numbytes
-                                               = numbytes;
-                                       amidst_data = 0;
-                               }
-                       } else {  /* !zero_record(buf) */
-                               if (amidst_data)
-                                       numbytes += cc;
-                               else {
-                                       amidst_data = 1;
-                                       numbytes = cc;
-                                       sparsearray[sparse_ind].offset
-                                         = offset;
-                               } 
-                       }
-               } else if (cc < sizeof buf) {
-                 /* This has to be the last bit of the file, so this */
-                 /* is somewhat shorter than the above. */
-                       if (!zero_record(buf)) {
-                               if (!amidst_data) {
-                                       amidst_data = 1;
-                                       numbytes = cc;
-                                       sparsearray[sparse_ind].offset
-                                         = offset;
-                               } else
-                                       numbytes += cc;
-                       } 
+             start = find_next_block ();
+             bufsize = available_space_after (start);
+             if (sizeleft < bufsize)
+               {
+                 bufsize = sizeleft;
+                 count = bufsize % BLOCKSIZE;
+                 if (count)
+                   memset (start->buffer + sizeleft, 0,
+                          (size_t) (BLOCKSIZE - count));
                }
-               offset += cc;
-               clear_buffer(buf);
+             memcpy (start->buffer, p_buffer, bufsize);
+             sizeleft -= bufsize;
+             p_buffer += bufsize;
+             set_next_block_after (start + (bufsize - 1) / BLOCKSIZE);
+           }
+         if (multi_volume_option)
+           assign_string (&save_name, NULL);
+         if (atime_preserve_option)
+           utime (p, &restore_times);
+         return;
        }
-       if (amidst_data)
-               sparsearray[sparse_ind++].numbytes = numbytes;
-       close(fd);
 
-       return sparse_ind - 1;
-}
+      /* See if we are about to recurse into a directory, and avoid doing
+        so if the user wants that we do not descend into directories.  */
 
-/* 
- * Just zeroes out the buffer so we don't confuse ourselves with leftover
- * data.
- */
-void
-clear_buffer(buf)
-       char    *buf;
-{
-       register int    i;
+      if (no_recurse_option)
+       return;
 
-       for (i = 0; i < RECORDSIZE; i++)
-               buf[i] = '\0';
-}
+      /* See if we are crossing from one file system to another, and
+        avoid doing so if the user only wants to dump one file system.  */
 
-#if 0  /* I'm leaving this as a monument to Joy Kendall, who wrote it -mib */
-/* 
- * JK - 
- * This routine takes a character array, and tells where within that array
- * the data can be found.  It skips over any zeros, and sets the first
- * non-zero point in the array to be the "start", and continues until it
- * finds non-data again, which is marked as the "end."  This routine is 
- * mainly for 1) seeing how far into a file we must lseek to data, given
- * that we have a sparse file, and 2) determining the "real size" of the
- * file, i.e., the number of bytes in the sparse file that are data, as
- * opposed to the zeros we are trying to skip.
- */
-where_is_data(from, to, buffer)
-       int     *from,
-               *to;
-       char    *buffer;
-{
-       register int    i = 0;
-       register int    save_to = *to;
-       int     amidst_data = 0;
-
-       
-       while (!buffer[i])
-               i++;
-       *from = i;
-
-       if (*from < 16) /* don't bother */
-               *from = 0;
-       /* keep going to make sure there isn't more real
-          data in this record */
-       while (i < RECORDSIZE) {
-               if (!buffer[i]) {
-                       if (amidst_data) {
-                               save_to = i;
-                               amidst_data = 0;
-                       }
-                       i++;
-               }
-               else if (buffer[i]) {
-                       if (!amidst_data)
-                               amidst_data = 1;
-                       i++;
-               }
+      if (one_file_system_option && !top_level
+         && parent_device != current_stat.st_dev)
+       {
+         if (verbose_option)
+           WARN ((0, 0, _("%s: On a different filesystem; not dumped"), p));
+         return;
        }
-       if (i == RECORDSIZE)
-               *to = i;
-       else
-               *to = save_to;
-               
-}
-#endif
-
-/* Note that this routine is only called if zero_record returned true */
-#if 0 /* But we actually don't need it at all. */
-where_is_data (from, to, buffer)
-     int *from, *to;
-     char *buffer;
-{
-  char *fp, *tp;
-
-  for (fp = buffer; ! *fp; fp++)
-    ;
-  for (tp = buffer + RECORDSIZE - 1; ! *tp; tp--)
-    ;
-  *from = fp - buffer;
-  *to = tp - buffer + 1;
-}
-#endif
 
+      /* Now output all the files in the directory.  */
 
+      errno = 0;               /* FIXME: errno should be read-only */
 
-/*
- * Takes a recordful of data and basically cruises through it to see if
- * it's made *entirely* of zeros, returning a 0 the instant it finds
- * something that is a non-zero, i.e., useful data.
- */
-int
-zero_record(buffer)
-       char    *buffer;
-{
-       register int    i;
+      directory = opendir (p);
+      if (!directory)
+       {
+         ERROR ((0, errno, _("Cannot open directory %s"), p));
+         return;
+       }
 
-       for (i = 0; i < RECORDSIZE; i++)
-               if (buffer[i] != '\000')
-                       return 0;
-       return 1;
-}
+      /* Hack to remove "./" from the front of all the file names.  */
 
-void
-find_new_file_size(filesize, highest_index)
-       int     *filesize;
-       int     highest_index;
-{
-       register int    i;
+      if (len == 2 && namebuf[0] == '.' && namebuf[1] == '/')
+       len = 0;
 
-       *filesize = 0;
-       for (i = 0; sparsearray[i].numbytes && i <= highest_index; i++)
-               *filesize += sparsearray[i].numbytes;
-}
-       
-/*
- * Make a header block for the file  name  whose stat info is  st .
- * Return header pointer for success, NULL if the name is too long.
- */
-union record *
-start_header(name, st)
-       char    *name;
-       register struct stat *st;
-{
-       register union record *header;
+      /* FIXME: Should speed this up by cd-ing into the dir.  */
 
-       if (strlen (name) >= NAMSIZ)
-         write_long (name, LF_LONGNAME);
+      while (entry = readdir (directory), entry)
+       {
+         /* Skip `.' and `..'.  */
 
-       header = (union record *) findrec();
-       bzero(header->charptr, sizeof(*header)); /* XXX speed up */
+         if (is_dot_or_dotdot (entry->d_name))
+           continue;
 
-       /*
-        * Check the file name and put it in the record.
-        */
-       if(!f_absolute_paths) {
-               static int warned_once = 0;
-#ifdef __MSDOS__
-               if(name[1]==':') {
-                       name+=2;
-                       if(!warned_once++)
-                               msg("Removing drive spec from names in the archive");
-               }
+         if ((int) NAMLEN (entry) + len >= buflen)
+           {
+             buflen = len + NAMLEN (entry);
+             namebuf = (char *) xrealloc (namebuf, buflen + 1);
+#if 0
+             namebuf[len] = '\0';
+             ERROR ((0, 0, _("File name %s%s too long"),
+                     namebuf, entry->d_name));
+             continue;
 #endif
-               while ('/' == *name) {
-                       name++;                         /* Force relative path */
-                       if (!warned_once++)
-                               msg("Removing leading / from absolute path names in the archive.");
-               }
-       }
-       strncpy(header->header.name, name, NAMSIZ);
-       header->header.name[NAMSIZ-1] = '\0';
-
-       to_oct((long) (st->st_mode & 07777),
-                                       8,  header->header.mode);
-       to_oct((long) st->st_uid,       8,  header->header.uid);
-       to_oct((long) st->st_gid,       8,  header->header.gid);
-       to_oct((long) st->st_size,      1+12, header->header.size);
-       to_oct((long) st->st_mtime,     1+12, header->header.mtime);
-       /* header->header.linkflag is left as null */
-       if(f_gnudump) {
-               to_oct((long) st->st_atime, 1+12, header->header.atime);
-               to_oct((long) st->st_ctime, 1+12, header->header.ctime);
+           }
+         strcpy (namebuf + len, entry->d_name);
+         if (exclude_option && check_exclude (namebuf))
+           continue;
+         dump_file (namebuf, our_device, 0);
        }
 
-#ifndef NONAMES
-       /* Fill in new Unix Standard fields if desired. */
-       if (f_standard) {
-               header->header.linkflag = LF_NORMAL;    /* New default */
-               strcpy(header->header.magic, TMAGIC);   /* Mark as Unix Std */
-               finduname(header->header.uname, st->st_uid);
-               findgname(header->header.gname, st->st_gid);
-       }
-#endif
-       return header;
-}
-
-/* 
- * Finish off a filled-in header block and write it out.
- * We also print the file name and/or full info if verbose is on.
- */
-void
-finish_header(header)
-       register union record *header;
-{
-       register int    i, sum;
-       register char   *p;
-
-       bcopy(CHKBLANKS, header->header.chksum, sizeof(header->header.chksum));
-
-       sum = 0;
-       p = header->charptr;
-       for (i = sizeof(*header); --i >= 0; ) {
-               /*
-                * We can't use unsigned char here because of old compilers,
-                * e.g. V7.
-                */
-               sum += 0xFF & *p++;
-       }
+      closedir (directory);
+      free (namebuf);
+      if (atime_preserve_option)
+       utime (p, &restore_times);
+      return;
+    }
 
-       /*
-        * Fill in the checksum field.  It's formatted differently
-        * from the other fields:  it has [6] digits, a null, then a
-        * space -- rather than digits, a space, then a null.
-        * We use to_oct then write the null in over to_oct's space.
-        * The final space is already there, from checksumming, and
-        * to_oct doesn't modify it.
-        *
-        * This is a fast way to do:
-        * (void) sprintf(header->header.chksum, "%6o", sum);
-        */
-       to_oct((long) sum,      8,  header->header.chksum);
-       header->header.chksum[6] = '\0';        /* Zap the space */
-
-       userec(header);
-
-       if (f_verbose) {
-               extern union record *head;              /* Points to current tape header */
-               extern int head_standard;               /* Tape header is in ANSI format */
-
-               /* These globals are parameters to print_header, sigh */
-               head = header;
-               /* hstat is already set up */
-               head_standard = f_standard;
-               print_header();
-       }
+#ifdef S_ISCHR
+  else if (S_ISCHR (current_stat.st_mode))
+    type = CHRTYPE;
+#endif
 
-       return;
-}
+#ifdef S_ISBLK
+  else if (S_ISBLK (current_stat.st_mode))
+    type = BLKTYPE;
+#endif
 
+  /* Avoid screwy apollo lossage where S_IFIFO == S_IFSOCK.  */
 
-/*
- * Quick and dirty octal conversion.
- * Converts long "value" into a "digs"-digit field at "where",
- * including a trailing space and room for a null.  "digs"==3 means
- * 1 digit, a space, and room for a null.
- *
- * We assume the trailing null is already there and don't fill it in.
- * This fact is used by start_header and finish_header, so don't change it!
- *
- * This should be equivalent to:
- *     (void) sprintf(where, "%*lo ", digs-2, value);
- * except that sprintf fills in the trailing null and we don't.
- */
-void
-to_oct(value, digs, where)
-       register long   value;
-       register int    digs;
-       register char   *where;
-{
-       
-       --digs;                         /* Trailing null slot is left alone */
-       where[--digs] = ' ';            /* Put in the space, though */
+#if (_ISP__M68K == 0) && (_ISP__A88K == 0) && defined(S_ISFIFO)
+  else if (S_ISFIFO (current_stat.st_mode))
+    type = FIFOTYPE;
+#endif
 
-       /* Produce the digits -- at least one */
-       do {
-               where[--digs] = '0' + (char)(value & 7); /* one octal digit */
-               value >>= 3;
-       } while (digs > 0 && value != 0);
+#ifdef S_ISSOCK
+  else if (S_ISSOCK (current_stat.st_mode))
+    type = FIFOTYPE;
+#endif
 
-       /* Leading spaces, if necessary */
-       while (digs > 0)
-               where[--digs] = ' ';
+  else
+    goto unknown;
 
-}
+  if (archive_format == V7_FORMAT)
+    goto unknown;
 
+  current_stat.st_size = 0;    /* force 0 size */
+  header = start_header (p, &current_stat);
+  if (header == NULL)
+    {
+      exit_status = TAREXIT_FAILURE;
+      return;  /* eg name too long */
+    }
 
-/*
- * Write the EOT record(s).
- * We actually zero at least one record, through the end of the block.
- * Old tar writes garbage after two zeroed records -- and PDtar used to.
- */
-void
-write_eot()
-{
-       union record *p;
-       int bufsize;
+  header->header.typeflag = type;
 
-       p = findrec();
-       if (p)
-         {
-           bufsize = endofrecs()->charptr - p->charptr;
-           bzero(p->charptr, bufsize);
-           userec(p);
-         }
-}
+#if defined(S_IFBLK) || defined(S_IFCHR)
+  if (type != FIFOTYPE)
+    {
+      MAJOR_TO_OCT (major (current_stat.st_rdev), header->header.devmajor);
+      MINOR_TO_OCT (minor (current_stat.st_rdev), header->header.devminor);
+    }
+#endif
 
-/* Write a LF_LONGLINK or LF_LONGNAME record. */
-write_long (p, type)
-     char *p;
-     char type;
-{
-  int size = strlen (p) + 1;
-  int bufsize;
-  union record *header;
-  
-  /* Link name won't fit, so we write
-     an LF_LONGLINK record. */
-  hstat.st_size = size;
-  header = start_header ("././@LongLink", &hstat);
-  header->header.linkflag = type;
   finish_header (header);
-
-  header = findrec ();
-  
-  bufsize = endofrecs ()->charptr - header->charptr;
-  
-  while (bufsize < size)
+  if (remove_files_option)
     {
-      bcopy (p, header->charptr, bufsize);
-      p += bufsize;
-      size -= bufsize;
-      userec (header + (bufsize - 1)/RECORDSIZE);
-      header = findrec ();
-      bufsize = endofrecs ()->charptr - header->charptr;
+      if (unlink (p) == -1)
+       ERROR ((0, errno, _("Cannot remove %s"), p));
     }
-  bcopy (p, header->charptr, size);
-  bzero (header->charptr + size, bufsize - size);
-  userec (header + (size - 1)/RECORDSIZE);
+  return;
+
+unknown:
+  ERROR ((0, 0, _("%s: Unknown file type; file ignored"), p));
 }
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