--- /dev/null
+.\" This file is part of GNU tar. -*- nroff -*-
+.\" Copyright 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+.\"
+.\" GNU tar is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+.\" it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+.\" the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
+.\" (at your option) any later version.
+.\"
+.\" GNU tar is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+.\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+.\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+.\" GNU General Public License for more details.
+.\"
+.\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+.\" along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+.TH TAR 1 "January 27, 2014" "TAR" "GNU TAR Manual"
+.SH NAME
+tar \- an archiving utility
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.SS Traditional usage
+\fBtar\fR {\fBA\fR|\fBc\fR|\fBd\fR|\fBr\fR|\fBt\fR|\fBu\fR|\fBx\fR}\
+[\fBGnSkUWOmpsMBiajJzZhPlRvwo\fR] [\fIARG\fR...]
+.SS UNIX-style usage
+.sp
+\fBtar\fR \fB\-A\fR [\fIOPTIONS\fR] \fIARCHIVE\fR \fIARCHIVE\fR
+.sp
+\fBtar\fR \fB\-c\fR [\fB\-f\fR \fIARCHIVE\fR] [\fIOPTIONS\fR] [\fIFILE\fR...]
+.sp
+\fBtar\fR \fB\-d\fR [\fB\-f\fR \fIARCHIVE\fR] [\fIOPTIONS\fR] [\fIFILE\fR...]
+.sp
+\fBtar\fR \fB\-t\fR [\fB\-f\fR \fIARCHIVE\fR] [\fIOPTIONS\fR] [\fIMEMBER\fR...]
+.sp
+\fBtar\fR \fB\-r\fR [\fB\-f\fR \fIARCHIVE\fR] [\fIOPTIONS\fR] [\fIFILE\fR...]
+.sp
+\fBtar\fR \fB\-u\fR [\fB\-f\fR \fIARCHIVE\fR] [\fIOPTIONS\fR] [\fIFILE\fR...]
+.sp
+\fBtar\fR \fB\-x\fR [\fB\-f\fR \fIARCHIVE\fR] [\fIOPTIONS\fR] [\fIMEMBER\fR...]
+.SS GNU-style usage
+.sp
+\fBtar\fR {\fB\-\-catenate\fR|\fB\-\-concatenate} [\fIOPTIONS\fR] \fIARCHIVE\fR \fIARCHIVE\fR
+.sp
+\fBtar\fR \fB\-\-create\fR [\fB\-\-file\fR \fIARCHIVE\fR] [\fIOPTIONS\fR] [\fIFILE\fR...]
+.sp
+\fBtar\fR {\fB\-\-diff\fR|\fB\-\-compare\fR} [\fB\-\-file\fR \fIARCHIVE\fR] [\fIOPTIONS\fR] [\fIFILE\fR...]
+.sp
+\fBtar\fR \fB\-\-delete\fR [\fB\-\-file\fR \fIARCHIVE\fR] [\fIOPTIONS\fR] [\fIMEMBER\fR...]
+.sp
+\fBtar\fR \fB\-\-append\fR [\fB\-f\fR \fIARCHIVE\fR] [\fIOPTIONS\fR] [\fIFILE\fR...]
+.sp
+\fBtar\fR \fB\-\-list\fR [\fB\-f\fR \fIARCHIVE\fR] [\fIOPTIONS\fR] [\fIMEMBER\fR...]
+.sp
+\fBtar\fR \fB\-\-test\-label\fR [\fB\-\-file\fR \fIARCHIVE\fR] [\fIOPTIONS\fR] [\fILABEL\fR...]
+.sp
+\fBtar\fR \fB\-\-update\fR [\fB\-\-file\fR \fIARCHIVE\fR] [\fIOPTIONS\fR] [\fIFILE\fR...]
+.sp
+\fBtar\fR \fB\-\-update\fR [\fB\-f\fR \fIARCHIVE\fR] [\fIOPTIONS\fR] [\fIFILE\fR...]
+.sp
+\fBtar\fR {\fB\-\-extract\fR|\fB\-\-get\fR} [\fB\-f\fR \fIARCHIVE\fR] [\fIOPTIONS\fR] [\fIMEMBER\fR...]
+.SH NOTE
+This manpage is a short description of GNU \fBtar\fR. For a detailed
+discussion, including examples and usage recommendations, refer to the
+\fBGNU Tar Manual\fR available in texinfo format. If the \fBinfo\fR
+reader and the tar documentation are properly installed on your
+system, the command
+.PP
+.RS +4
+.B info tar
+.RE
+.PP
+should give you access to the complete manual.
+.PP
+You can also view the manual using the info mode in
+.BR emacs (1),
+or find it in various formats online at
+.PP
+.RS +4
+.B http://www.gnu.org/software/tar/manual
+.RE
+.PP
+If any discrepancies occur between this manpage and the
+\fBGNU Tar Manual\fR, the later shall be considered the authoritative
+source.
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+GNU
+.B tar
+is an archiving program designed to store multiple files in a single
+file (an \fBarchive\fR), and to manipulate such archives. The archive
+can be either a regular file or a device (e.g. a tape drive, hence the name
+of the program, which stands for \fBt\fRape \fBar\fRchiver), which can
+be located either on the local or on a remote machine.
+.PP
+
+.SS Option styles
+Options to GNU \fBtar\fR can be given in three different styles.
+In
+.BR "traditional style" ,
+the first argument is a cluster of option letters and all subsequent
+arguments supply arguments to those options that require them. The
+arguments are read in the same order as the option letters. Any
+command line words that remain after all options has been processed
+are treated as non-optional arguments: file or archive member names.
+.PP
+For example, the \fBc\fR option requires creating the archive, the
+\fBv\fR option requests the verbose operation, and the \fBf\fR option
+takes an argument that sets the name of the archive to operate upon.
+The following command, written in the traditional style, instructs tar
+to store all files from the directory
+.B /etc
+into the archive file
+.B etc.tar
+verbosely listing the files being archived:
+.PP
+.EX
+.B tar cfv a.tar /etc
+.EE
+.PP
+In
+.BR "UNIX " or " short-option style" ,
+each option letter is prefixed with a single dash, as in other command
+line utilities. If an option takes argument, the argument follows it,
+either as a separate command line word, or immediately following the
+option. However, if the option takes an \fBoptional\fR argument, the
+argument must follow the option letter without any intervening
+whitespace, as in \fB\-g/tmp/snar.db\fR.
+.PP
+Any number of options not taking arguments can be
+clustered together after a single dash, e.g. \fB\-vkp\fR. Options
+that take arguments (whether mandatory or optional), can appear at
+the end of such a cluster, e.g. \fB\-vkpf a.tar\fR.
+.PP
+The example command above written in the
+.B short-option style
+could look like:
+.PP
+.EX
+.B tar -cvf a.tar /etc
+or
+.B tar -c -v -f a.tar /etc
+.EE
+.PP
+In
+.BR "GNU " or " long-option style" ,
+each option begins with two dashes and has a meaningful name,
+consisting of lower-case letters and dashes. When used, the long
+option can be abbreviated to its initial letters, provided that
+this does not create ambiguity. Arguments to long options are
+supplied either as a separate command line word, immediately following
+the option, or separated from the option by an equals sign with no
+intervening whitespace. Optional arguments must always use the latter
+method.
+.PP
+Here are several ways of writing the example command in this style:
+.PP
+.EX
+.B tar --create --file a.tar --verbose /etc
+.EE
+or (abbreviating some options):
+.EX
+.B tar --cre --file=a.tar --verb /etc
+.EE
+.PP
+The options in all three styles can be intermixed, although doing so
+with old options is not encouraged.
+.SS Operation mode
+The options listed in the table below tell GNU \fBtar\fR what
+operation it is to perform. Exactly one of them must be given.
+Meaning of non-optional arguments depends on the operation mode
+requested.
+.TP
+\fB\-A\fR, \fB\-\-catenate\fR, \fB\-\-concatenate\fR
+Append archive to the end of another archive. The arguments are
+treated as the names of archives to append. All archives must be of
+the same format as the archive they are appended to, otherwise the
+resulting archive might be unusable with non-GNU implementations of
+\fBtar\fR. Notice also that when more than one archive is given, the
+members from archives other than the first one will be accessible in
+the resulting archive only if using the \fB\-i\fR
+(\fB\-\-ignore\-zeros) option.
+
+Compressed archives cannot be concatenated.
+.TP
+\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-create\fR
+Create a new archive. Arguments supply the names of the files to be
+archived. Directories are archived recursively, unless the
+\fB\-\-no\-recursion\fR option is given.
+.TP
+\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-diff\fR, \fB\-\-compare\fR
+Find differences between archive and file system. The arguments are
+optional and specify archive members to compare. If not given, the
+current working directory is assumed.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-delete\fR
+Delete from the archive. The arguments supply names of the archive
+members to be removed. At least one argument must be given.
+
+This option does not operate on compressed archives. There is no
+short option equivalent.
+.TP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-append\fR
+Append files to the end of an archive. Arguments have the same
+meaning as for \fB\-c\fR (\fB\-\-create).
+.TP
+\fB\-t\fR, \fB\-\-list\fR
+List the contents of an archive. Arguments are optional. When given,
+they specify the names of the members to list.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-test\-label
+Test the archive volume label and exit. When used without arguments,
+it prints the volume label (if any) and exits with status \fB0\fR.
+When one or more command line arguments are given.
+.B tar
+compares the volume label with each argument. It exits with code
+\fB0\fR if a match is found, and with code \fB1\fR otherwise. No
+output is displayed, unless used together with the \fB\-v\fR
+(\fB\-\-verbose\fR) option.
+
+There is no short option equivalent for this option.
+.TP
+\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-update\fR
+Append files which are newer than the corresponding copy in the
+archive. Arguments have the same meaning as with \fB\-c\fR and
+\fB\-r\fR options.
+.TP
+\fB\-x\fR, \fB\-\-extract\fR, \fB\-\-get\fR
+Extract files from an archive. Arguments are optional. When given,
+they specify names of the archive members to be extracted.
+.TP
+.TP
+\fB\-\-show\-defaults\fR
+Show built-in defaults for various \fBtar\fR options and exit. No
+arguments are allowed.
+.TP
+\fB\-?\fR, \fB\-\-help
+Display a short option summary and exit. No arguments allowed.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-usage\fR
+Display a list of available options and exit. No arguments allowed.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-version\fR
+Print program version and copyright information and exit.
+.SH OPTIONS
+.SS Operation modifiers
+.TP
+\fB\-\-check\-device\fR
+Check device numbers when creating incremental archives (default).
+.TP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-listed\-incremental\fR=\fIFILE\fR
+Handle new GNU-format incremental backups. \fIFILE\fR is the name of
+a \fBsnapshot file\fR, where tar stores additional information which
+is used to decide which files changed since the previous incremental
+dump and, consequently, must be dumped again. If \fIFILE\fR does not
+exist when creating an archive, it will be created and all files will
+be added to the resulting archive (the \fBlevel 0\fR dump). To create
+incremental archives of non-zero level \fBN\fR, create a copy of the
+snapshot file created during the level \fBN-1\fR, and use it as
+\fIFILE\fR.
+
+When listing or extracting, the actual contents of \fIFILE\fR is not
+inspected, it is needed only due to syntactical requirements. It is
+therefore common practice to use \fB/dev/null\fR in its place.
+.TP
+\fB\-G\fR, \fB\-\-incremental\fR
+Handle old GNU-format incremental backups.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-ignore\-failed\-read\fR
+Do not exit with nonzero on unreadable files.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-level\fR=\fINUMBER\fR
+Set dump level for created listed-incremental archive. Currently only
+\fB\-\-level=0\fR is meaningful: it instructs \fBtar\fR to truncate
+the snapshot file before dumping, thereby forcing a level 0 dump.
+.TP
+\fB\-n\fR, \fB\-\-seek\fR
+Assume the archive is seekable. Normally \fBtar\fR determines
+automatically whether the archive can be seeked or not. This option
+is intended for use in cases when such recognition fails. It takes
+effect only if the archive is open for reading (e.g. with
+.B \-\-list
+or
+.B \-\-extract
+options).
+.TP
+\fB\-\-no\-check\-device\fR
+Do not check device numbers when creating incremental archives.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-no\-seek\fR
+Assume the archive is not seekable.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-occurrence\fR[=\fIN\fR]
+Process only the \fIN\fRth occurrence of each file in the
+archive. This option is valid only when used with one of the
+following subcommands: \fB\-\-delete\fR, \fB\-\-diff\fR,
+\fB\-\-extract\fR or \fB\-\-list\fR and when a list of files is given
+either on the command line or via the \fB\-\fRT option. The default
+\fIN\fR is \fB1\fR.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-restrict\fR
+Disable the use of some potentially harmful options.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-sparse\-version\fR=\fIMAJOR\fR[.\fIMINOR\fR]
+Set version of the sparse format to use (implies \fB\-\-sparse\fR).
+This option implies
+.BR \-\-sparse .
+Valid argument values are
+.BR 0.0 ,
+.BR 0.1 ", and"
+.BR 1.0 .
+For a detailed discussion of sparse formats, refer to the \fBGNU Tar
+Manual\fR, appendix \fBD\fR, "\fBSparse Formats\fR". Using \fBinfo\fR
+reader, it can be accessed running the following command:
+.BR "info tar 'Sparse Formats'" .
+.TP
+\fB\-S\fR, \fB\-\-sparse\fR
+Handle sparse files efficiently. Some files in the file system may
+have segments which were actually never written (quite often these are
+database files created by such systems as \fBDBM\fR). When given this
+option, \fBtar\fR attempts to determine if the file is sparse prior to
+archiving it, and if so, to reduce the resulting archive size by not
+dumping empty parts of the file.
+.SS Overwrite control
+These options control \fBtar\fR actions when extracting a file over
+an existing copy on disk.
+.TP
+\fB\-k\fR, \fB\-\-keep\-old\-files\fR
+Don't replace existing files when extracting.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-keep\-newer\-files\fR
+Don't replace existing files that are newer than their archive copies.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-no\-overwrite\-dir\fR
+Preserve metadata of existing directories.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-overwrite\fR
+Overwrite existing files when extracting.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-overwrite\-dir\fR
+Overwrite metadata of existing directories when extracting (default).
+.TP
+\fB\-\-recursive\-unlink\fR
+Recursively remove all files in the directory prior to extracting it.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-remove\-files\fR
+Remove files from disk after adding them to the archive.
+.TP
+\fB\-U\fR, \fB\-\-unlink\-first\fR
+Remove each file prior to extracting over it.
+.TP
+\fB\-W\fR, \fB\-\-verify\fR
+Verify the archive after writing it.
+.SS Output stream selection
+.TP
+\fB\-\-ignore\-command\-error\fR
+.TP
+Ignore subprocess exit codes.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-no\-ignore\-command\-error\fR
+Treat non-zero exit codes of children as error (default).
+.TP
+\fB\-O\fR, \fB\-\-to\-stdout\fR
+Extract files to standard output.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-to\-command\fR=\fICOMMAND\fR
+Pipe extracted files to \fICOMMAND\fR. The argument is the pathname
+of an external program, optionally with command line arguments. The
+program will be invoked and the contents of the file being extracted
+supplied to it on its standard output. Additional data will be
+supplied via the following environment variables:
+.RS
+.TP
+.B TAR_FILETYPE
+Type of the file. It is a single letter with the following meaning:
+.sp
+.nf
+.ta 8n 20n
+ f Regular file
+ d Directory
+ l Symbolic link
+ h Hard link
+ b Block device
+ c Character device
+.fi
+
+Currently only regular files are supported.
+.TP
+.B TAR_MODE
+File mode, an octal number.
+.TP
+.B TAR_FILENAME
+The name of the file.
+.TP
+.B TAR_REALNAME
+Name of the file as stored in the archive.
+.TP
+.B TAR_UNAME
+Name of the file owner.
+.TP
+.B TAR_GNAME
+Name of the file owner group.
+.TP
+.B TAR_ATIME
+Time of last access. It is a decimal number, representing seconds
+since the Epoch. If the archive provides times with nanosecond
+precision, the nanoseconds are appended to the timestamp after a
+decimal point.
+.TP
+.B TAR_MTIME
+Time of last modification.
+.TP
+.B TAR_CTIME
+Time of last status change.
+.TP
+.B TAR_SIZE
+Size of the file.
+.TP
+.B TAR_UID
+UID of the file owner.
+.TP
+.B TAR_GID
+GID of the file owner.
+.RE
+.RS
+
+Additionally, the following variables contain information about
+\fBtar\fR operation mode and the archive being processed:
+.TP
+.B TAR_VERSION
+GNU \fBtar\fR version number.
+.TP
+.B TAR_ARCHIVE
+The name of the archive \fBtar\fR is processing.
+.TP
+.B TAR_BLOCKING_FACTOR
+Current blocking factor, i.e. number of 512-byte blocks in a record.
+.TP
+.B TAR_VOLUME
+Ordinal number of the volume \fBtar\fR is processing (set if
+reading a multi-volume archive).
+.TP
+.B TAR_FORMAT
+Format of the archive being processed. One of:
+.BR gnu ,
+.BR oldgnu ,
+.BR posix ,
+.BR ustar ,
+.BR v7 .
+.B TAR_SUBCOMMAND
+A short option (with a leading dash) describing the operation \fBtar\fR is
+executing.
+.RE
+.SS Handling of file attributes
+.TP
+\fB\-\-atime\-preserve\fR[=\fIMETHOD\fR]
+Preserve access times on dumped files, either by restoring the times
+after reading (\fIMETHOD\fR=\fBreplace\fR, this is the default) or by
+not setting the times in the first place (\fIMETHOD\fR=\fBsystem\fR)
+.TP
+\fB\-\-delay\-directory\-restore\fR
+Delay setting modification times and permissions of extracted
+directories until the end of extraction. Use this option when
+extracting from an archive which has unusual member ordering.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-group\fR=\fINAME\fR
+Force \fINAME\fR as group for added files.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-mode\fR=\fICHANGES\fR
+Force symbolic mode \fICHANGES\fR for added files.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-mtime\fR=\fIDATE-OR-FILE\fR
+Set mtime for added files. \fIDATE-OR-FILE\fR is either a date/time
+in almost arbitrary formate, or the name of an existing file. In the
+latter case the mtime of that file will be used.
+.TP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-touch\fR
+Don't extract file modified time.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-no\-delay\-directory\-restore\fR
+Cancel the effect of the prior \fB\-\-delay\-directory\-restore\fR option.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-no\-same\-owner\fR
+Extract files as yourself (default for ordinary users).
+.TP
+\fB\-\-no\-same\-permissions\fR
+Apply the user's umask when extracting permissions from the archive
+(default for ordinary users).
+.TP
+\fB\-\-numeric\-owner\fR
+Always use numbers for user/group names.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-owner\fR=\fINAME\fR
+Force \fINAME\fR as owner for added files.
+.TP
+\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-preserve\-permissions\fR, \fB\-\-same\-permissions\fR
+extract information about file permissions (default for superuser)
+.TP
+\fB\-\-preserve\fR
+Same as both \fB\-p\fR and \fB\-s\fR.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-same\-owner\fR
+Try extracting files with the same ownership as exists in the archive
+(default for superuser).
+.TP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-preserve\-order\fR, \fB\-\-same\-order\fR
+Sort names to extract to match archive
+.SS Device selection and switching
+.TP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-file\fR=\fIARCHIVE\fR
+Use archive file or device \fIARCHIVE\fR. If this option is not
+given, \fBtar\fR will first examine the environment variable `TAPE'.
+If it is set, its value will be used as the archive name. Otherwise,
+\fBtar\fR will assume the compiled-in default. The default
+value can be inspected either using the
+.B \-\-show\-defaults
+option, or at the end of the \fBtar \-\-help\fR output.
+
+An archive name that has a colon in it specifies a file or device on a
+remote machine. The part before the colon is taken as the machine
+name or IP address, and the part after it as the file or device
+pathname, e.g.:
+
+.EX
+--file=remotehost:/dev/sr0
+.EE
+
+An optional username can be prefixed to the hostname, placing a \fB@\fR
+sign between them.
+
+By default, the remote host is accessed via the
+.BR rsh (1)
+command. Nowadays it is common to use
+.BR ssh (1)
+instead. You can do so by giving the following command line option:
+
+.EX
+--rsh-command=/usr/bin/ssh
+.EE
+
+The remote mashine should have the
+.BR rmt (8)
+command installed. If its pathname does not match \fBtar\fR's
+default, you can inform \fBtar\fR about the correct pathname using the
+.B \-\-rmt\-command
+option.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-force\-local\fR
+Archive file is local even if it has a colon.
+.TP
+\fB\-\fRF, \fB\-\-info\-script\fR=\fICOMMAND\fR, \fB\-\-new\-volume\-script\fR=\fICOMMAND\fR
+Run \fICOMMAND\fR at the end of each tape (implies \fB\-M\fR). The
+command can include arguments. When started, it will inherit \fBtar\fR's
+environment plus the following variables:
+.RS
+.TP
+.B TAR_VERSION
+GNU \fBtar\fR version number.
+.TP
+.B TAR_ARCHIVE
+The name of the archive \fBtar\fR is processing.
+.TP
+.B TAR_BLOCKING_FACTOR
+Current blocking factor, i.e. number of 512-byte blocks in a record.
+.TP
+.B TAR_VOLUME
+Ordinal number of the volume \fBtar\fR is processing (set if
+reading a multi-volume archive).
+.TP
+.B TAR_FORMAT
+Format of the archive being processed. One of:
+.BR gnu ,
+.BR oldgnu ,
+.BR posix ,
+.BR ustar ,
+.BR v7 .
+.TP
+.B TAR_SUBCOMMAND
+A short option (with a leading dash) describing the operation \fBtar\fR is
+executing.
+.TP
+.B TAR_FD
+File descriptor which can be used to communicate the new volume name
+to
+.BR tar .
+.RE
+.RS
+
+If the info script fails, \fBtar\fR exits; otherwise, it begins writing
+the next volume.
+.RE
+.TP
+\fB\-L\fR, \fB\-\-tape\-length\fR=\fN\fR
+Change tape after writing \fIN\fRx1024 bytes. If \fIN\fR is followed
+by a size suffix (see the subsection
+.B Size suffixes
+below), the suffix specifies the multiplicative factor to be used
+instead of 1024.
+
+This option implies
+.BR \-M .
+.TP
+\fB\-M\fR, \fB\-\-multi\-volume\fR
+Create/list/extract multi-volume archive.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-rmt\-command\fR=\fICOMMAND\fR
+Use \fICOMMAND\fR instead of \fBrmt\fR when accessing remote
+archives. See the description of the
+.B \-f
+option, above.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-rsh\-command\fR=\fICOMMAND\fR
+Use \fICOMMAND\fR instead of \fBrsh\fR when accessing remote
+archives. See the description of the
+.B \-f
+option, above.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-volno\-file\fR=\fIFILE\fR
+When this option is used in conjunction with
+.BR \-\-multi\-volume ,
+.B tar
+will keep track of which volume of a multi-volume archive it is
+working in \fIFILE\fR.
+.SS Device blocking
+.TP
+\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-blocking\-factor\fR=\fIBLOCKS\fR
+Set record size to \fIBLOCKS\fRx\fB512\fR bytes.
+.TP
+\fB\-B\fR, \fB\-\-read\-full\-records\fR
+When listing or extracting, accept incomplete input records after
+end-of-file marker.
+.TP
+\fB\-i\fR, \fB\-\-ignore\-zeros\fR
+Ignore zeroed blocks in archive. Normally two consecutive 512-blocks
+filled with zeroes mean EOF and tar stops reading after encountering
+them. This option instructs it to read further and is useful when
+reading archives created with the \fB\-A\fR option.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-record\-size\fR=\fINUMBER\fR
+Set record size. \fINUMBER\fR is the number of bytes per record. It
+must be multiple of \fB512\fR. It can can be suffixed with a \fBsize
+suffix\fR, e.g. \fB\-\-record-size=10K\fR, for 10 Kilobytes. See the
+subsection
+.BR "Size suffixes" ,
+for a list of valid suffixes.
+.SS Archive format selection
+.TP
+\fB\-H\fR, \fB\-\-format\fR=\fIFORMAT\fR
+Create archive of the given format. Valid formats are:
+.RS
+.TP
+.B gnu
+GNU tar 1.13.x format
+.TP
+.B oldgnu
+GNU format as per tar <= 1.12.
+.TP
+\fBpax\fR, \fBposix\fR
+POSIX 1003.1-2001 (pax) format.
+.TP
+.B ustar
+POSIX 1003.1-1988 (ustar) format.
+.TP
+.B v7
+Old V7 tar format.
+.RE
+.TP
+\fB\-\-old\-archive\fR, \fB\-\-portability\fR
+Same as \fB\-\-format=v7\fR.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-pax\-option\fR=\fIkeyword\fR[[:]=\fIvalue\fR][,\fIkeyword\fR[[:]=\fIvalue\fR]]...
+Control pax keywords when creating \fBPAX\fR archives (\fB\-H
+pax\fR). This option is equivalent to the \fB\-o\fR option of the
+.BR pax (1) utility.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-posix\fR
+Same as \fB\-\-format=posix\fR.
+.TP
+\fB\-V\fR, \fB\-\-label\fR=\fITEXT\fR
+Create archive with volume name \fITEXT\fR. If listing or extracting,
+use \fITEXT\fR as a globbing pattern for volume name.
+.SS Compression options
+.TP
+\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-auto\-compress\fR
+Use archive suffix to determine the compression program.
+.TP
+\fB\-\fRI, \fB\-\-use\-compress\-program\fI=\fICOMMAND\fR
+Filter data through \fICOMMAND\fR. It must accept the \fB\-d\fR
+option, for decompression. The argument can contain command line
+options.
+.TP
+\fB\-j\fR, \fB\-\-bzip2\fR
+Filter the archive through
+.BR bzip2 (1).
+.TP
+\fB\-J\fR, \fB\-\-xz\fR
+Filter the archive through
+.BR xz (1).
+.TP
+\fB\-\-lzip\fR
+Filter the archive through
+.BR lzip (1).
+.TP
+\fB\-\-lzma\fR
+Filter the archive through
+.BR lzma (1).
+.TP
+\fB\-\-lzop\fR
+Filter the archive through
+.BR lzop (1).
+.TP
+\fB\-\-no\-auto\-compress\fR
+Do not use archive suffix to determine the compression program.
+.TP
+\fB\-z\fR, \fB\-\-gzip\fR, \fB\-\-gunzip\fR, \fB\-\-ungzip\fR
+Filter the archive through
+.BR gzip (1).
+.TP
+\fB\-\fRZ, \fB\-\-compress\fR, \fB\-\-uncompress\fR
+Filter the archive through
+.BR compress (1).
+.SS Local file selection
+.TP
+\fB\-\-add\-file\fR=\fIFILE\fR
+Add \fIFILE\fR to the archive (useful if its name starts with a dash).
+.TP
+\fB\-\-backup\fR[=\fICONTROL\fR]
+Backup before removal. The \fICONTROL\fR argument, if supplied,
+controls the backup policy. Its valid values are:
+.RS
+.TP
+.BR none ", " off
+Never make backups.
+.TP
+.BR t ", " numbered
+Make numbered backups.
+.TP
+.BR nil ", " existing
+Make numbered backups if numbered backups exist, simple backups otherwise.
+.TP
+.BR never ", " simple
+Always make simple backups
+.RS
+.RE
+
+If \fICONTROL\fR is not given, the value is taken from the
+.B VERSION_CONTROL
+environment variable. If it is not set, \fBexisting\fR is assumed.
+.RE
+.TP
+\fB\-C\fR, \fB\-\-directory\fR=\fIDIR\fR
+Change to directory DIR.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-exclude\fR=\fIPATTERN\fR
+Exclude files matching \fIPATTERN\fR, a
+.BR glob (3)-style
+wildcard pattern.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-exclude\-backups\fR
+Exclude backup and lock files.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-exclude\-caches\fR
+Exclude contents of directories containing file \fBCACHEDIR.TAG\fR,
+except for the tag file itself.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-exclude\-caches\-all\fR
+Exclude directories containing file \fBCACHEDIR.TAG\fR and the file itself.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-exclude\-caches\-under\fR
+Exclude everything under directories containing \fBCACHEDIR.TAG\fR
+.TP
+\fB\-\-exclude\-tag\fR=\fIFILE\fR
+Exclude contents of directories containing \fIFILE\fR, except for
+\fIFILE\fR itself.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-exclude\-tag\-all\fR=\fIFILE\fR
+Exclude directories containing \fIFILE\fR.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-exclude\-tag\-under\fR=\fIFILE\fR
+Exclude everything under directories containing \fIFILE\fR.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-exclude\-vcs\fR
+Exclude version control system directories.
+.TP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-dereference\fR
+Follow symlinks; archive and dump the files they point to.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-hard\-dereference\fR
+Follow hard links; archive and dump the files they refer to.
+.TP
+\fB\-K\fR, \fB\-\-starting\-file\fR=\fIMEMBER\fR
+Begin at the given member in the archive.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-newer\-mtime\fR=\fIDATE\fR
+Work on files whose data changed after the \fIDATE\fR. If \fIDATE\fR
+starts with \fB/\fR or \fB.\fR it is taken to be a file name; the
+mtime of that file is used as the date.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-no\-null\fR
+Disable the effect of the previous \fB\-\-null\fR option.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-no\-recursion\fR
+Avoid descending automatically in directories.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-no\-unquote\fR
+Do not unquote filenames read with \fB\-T\fR.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-null\fR
+Instruct subsequent \fB\-T\fR options to read null-terminated names,
+disable handling of the \fB\-C\fR option read from the file.
+.TP
+\fB\-N\fR, \fB\-\-newer\fR=\fIDATE\fR, \fB\-\-after\-date\fR=\fIDATE\fR
+Only store files newer than DATE. If \fIDATE\fR starts with \fB/\fR
+or \fB.\fR it is taken to be a file name; the ctime of that file is
+used as the date.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-one\-file\-system\fR
+Stay in local file system when creating archive.
+.TP
+\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-absolute\-names\fR
+Don't strip leading slashes from file names when creating archives.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-recursion\fR
+Recurse into directories (default).
+.TP
+\fB\-\-suffix\fR=\fISTRING\fR
+Backup before removal, override usual suffix. Default suffix is \fB~\fR,
+unless overridden by environment variable \fBSIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX\fR.
+.TP
+\fB\-T\fR, \fB\-\-files\-from\fR=\fIFILE\fR
+Get names to extract or create from \fIFILE\fR.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-unquote\fR
+Unquote filenames read with \fB\-T\fR (default).
+.TP
+\fB\-X\fR, \fB\-\-exclude\-from\fR=\fIFILE\fR
+Exclude files matching patterns listed in FILE.
+.SS File name transformations
+.TP
+\fB\-\-strip\-components\fR=\fINUMBER\fR
+Strip \fINUMBER\fR leading components from file names on extraction.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-transform\fR=\fIEXPRESSION\dR, \fB\-\-xform\fR=\fIEXPRESSION\fR
+Use sed replace \fIEXPRESSION\fR to transform file names.
+.SS File name matching options
+These options affect both exclude and include patterns.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-anchored\fR
+Patterns match file name start.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-ignore\-case\fR
+Ignore case.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-no\-anchored\fR
+Patterns match after any \fB/\fR (default for exclusion).
+.TP
+\fB\-\-no\-ignore\-case\fR
+Case sensitive matching (default).
+.TP
+\fB\-\-no\-wildcards\fR
+Verbatim string matching.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-no\-wildcards\-match\-slash\fR
+Wildcards do not match \fB/\fR.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-wildcards\fR
+Use wildcards (default for exclusion).
+.TP
+\fB\-\-wildcards\-match\-slash\fR
+Wildcards match \fB/\fR (default for exclusion).
+.SS Informative output
+.TP
+\fB\-\-checkpoint\fR[=\fIN\fR]
+Display progress messages every \fIN\fRth record (default 10).
+.TP
+\fB\-\-checkpoint\-action\fR=\fIACTION\fR
+Run \fIACTION\fR on each checkpoint.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-full\-time\fR
+Print file time to its full resolution.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-index\-file\fR=\fIFILE\fR
+Send verbose output to \fIFILE\fR.
+.TP
+\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-check\-links\fR
+Print a message if not all links are dumped.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-no\-quote\-chars\fR=\fISTRING\fR
+Disable quoting for characters from \fISTRING\fR.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-quote\-chars\fR=\fISTRING\fR
+Additionally quote characters from \fISTRING\fR.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-quoting\-style\fR=\fISTYLE\fR
+Set quoting style for file and member names. Valid values for
+\fISTYLE\fR are
+.BR literal ,
+.BR shell ,
+.BR shell-always ,
+.BR c ,
+.BR c-maybe ,
+.BR escape ,
+.BR locale ,
+.BR clocale .
+.TP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-block\-number\fR
+Show block number within archive with each message.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-show\-omitted\-dirs\fR
+When listing or extracting, list each directory that does not match
+search criteria.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-show\-transformed\-names\fR, \fB\-\-show\-stored\-names\fR
+Show file or archive names after transformation by \fB\-\-strip\fR and
+\fB\-\-transform\fR options.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-totals\fR[=\fISIGNAL\fR]
+Print total bytes after processing the archive. If \fISIGNAL\fR is
+given, print total bytes when this signal is delivered. Allowed
+signals are:
+.BR SIGHUP ,
+.BR SIGQUIT ,
+.BR SIGINT ,
+.BR SIGUSR1 ", and"
+.BR SIGUSR2 .
+The \fBSIG\fR prefix can be omitted.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-utc\fR
+Print file modification times in UTC.
+.TP
+\fB\-v\fR, \fB\-\-verbose\fR
+Verbosely list files processed.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-warning\fR=\fIKEYWORD\fR
+Enable or disable warning messages identified by \fIKEYWORD\fR. The
+messages are suppressed if \fIKEYWORD\fR is prefixed with \fBno\-\fR
+and enabled otherwise.
+
+Multiple \fB\-\-warning\fR messages accumulate.
+
+Keywords controlling general \fBtar\fR operation:
+.RS
+.TP
+.B all
+Enable all warning messages. This is the default.
+.TP
+.B none
+Disable all warning messages.
+.TP
+.B filename-with-nuls
+"%s: file name read contains nul character"
+.TP
+.B alone-zero-block
+"A lone zero block at %s"
+.HP
+Keywords applicable for \fBtar --create\fR:
+.TP
+.B cachedir
+"%s: contains a cache directory tag %s; %s"
+.TP
+.B file-shrank
+"%s: File shrank by %s bytes; padding with zeros"
+.TP
+.B xdev
+"%s: file is on a different filesystem; not dumped"
+.TP
+.B file-ignored
+"%s: Unknown file type; file ignored"
+.br
+"%s: socket ignored"
+.br
+"%s: door ignored"
+.TP
+.B file-unchanged
+"%s: file is unchanged; not dumped"
+.TP
+.B ignore-archive
+"%s: file is the archive; not dumped"
+.TP
+.B file-removed
+"%s: File removed before we read it"
+.TP
+.B file-changed
+"%s: file changed as we read it"
+.HP
+Keywords applicable for \fBtar --extract\fR:
+.TP
+.B timestamp
+"%s: implausibly old time stamp %s"
+.br
+"%s: time stamp %s is %s s in the future"
+.TP
+.B contiguous-cast
+"Extracting contiguous files as regular files"
+.TP
+.B symlink-cast
+"Attempting extraction of symbolic links as hard links"
+.TP
+.B unknown-cast
+"%s: Unknown file type '%c', extracted as normal file"
+.TP
+.B ignore-newer
+"Current %s is newer or same age"
+.TP
+.B unknown-keyword
+"Ignoring unknown extended header keyword '%s'"
+.TP
+.B decompress-program
+Controls verbose description of failures occurring when trying to run
+alternative decompressor programs. This warning is disabled by
+default (unless \fB\-\-verbose\fR is used). A common example of what
+you can get when using this warning is:
+
+.EX
+$ \fBtar --warning=decompress-program -x -f archive.Z
+tar (child): cannot run compress: No such file or directory
+tar (child): trying gzip
+.EE
+
+This means that \fBtar\fR first tried to decompress
+\fBarchive.Z\fR using \fBcompress\fR, and, when that
+failed, switched to \fBgzip\fR.
+.TP
+.B record-size
+"Record size = %lu blocks"
+.HP
+Keywords controlling incremental extraction:
+.TP
+.B rename-directory
+"%s: Directory has been renamed from %s"
+.br
+"%s: Directory has been renamed"
+.TP
+.B new-directory
+"%s: Directory is new"
+.TP
+.B xdev
+"%s: directory is on a different device: not purging"
+.TP
+.B bad-dumpdir
+"Malformed dumpdir: 'X' never used"
+.RE
+.TP
+\fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-interactive\fR, \fB\-\-confirmation\fR
+Ask for confirmation for every action.
+.SS Compatibility options
+.TP
+\fB\-o\fR
+When creating, same as \fB\-\-old\-archive\fR. When extracting, same
+as \fB\-\-no\-same\-owner\fR.
+.SS Size suffixes
+.sp
+.nf
+.ta 8n 18n 42n
+.ul
+ Suffix Units Byte Equivalent
+ b Blocks \fISIZE\fR x 512
+ B Kilobytes \fISIZE\fR x 1024
+ c Bytes \fISIZE\fR
+ G Gigabytes \fISIZE\fR x 1024^3
+ K Kilobytes \fISIZE\fR x 1024
+ k Kilobytes \fISIZE\fR x 1024
+ M Megabytes \fISIZE\fR x 1024^2
+ P Petabytes \fISIZE\fR x 1024^5
+ T Terabytes \fISIZE\fR x 1024^4
+ w Words \fISIZE\fR x 2
+.fi
+.PP
+.SH "RETURN VALUE"
+Tar exit code indicates whether it was able to successfully perform
+the requested operation, and if not, what kind of error occurred.
+.TP
+.B 0
+Successful termination.
+.TP
+.B 1
+.I Some files differ.
+If tar was invoked with the \fB\-\-compare\fR (\fB\-\-diff\fR, \fB\-d\fR)
+command line option, this means that some files in the archive differ
+from their disk counterparts. If tar was given one of the \fB\-\-create\fR,
+\fB\-\-append\fR or \fB\-\-update\fR options, this exit code means
+that some files were changed while being archived and so the resulting
+archive does not contain the exact copy of the file set.
+.TP
+.B 2
+.I Fatal error.
+This means that some fatal, unrecoverable error occurred.
+.PP
+If a subprocess that had been invoked by
+.B tar
+exited with a nonzero exit code,
+.B tar
+itself exits with that code as well. This can happen, for example, if
+a compression option (e.g. \fB\-z\fR) was used and the external
+compressor program failed. Another example is
+.B rmt
+failure during backup to a remote device.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR bzip2 (1),
+.BR compress (1),
+.BR gzip (1),
+.BR lzma (1),
+.BR lzop (1),
+.BR rmt (8),
+.BR symlink (7),
+.BR tar (5),
+.BR xz (1).
+.PP
+Complete \fBtar\fR manual: run
+.B info tar
+or use
+.BR emacs (1)
+info mode to read it.
+.PP
+Online copies of \fBGNU tar\fR documentation in various formats can be
+found at:
+.PP
+.in +4
+.B http://www.gnu.org/software/tar/manual
+.SH "BUG REPORTS"
+Report bugs to <bug\-tar@gnu.org>.
+.SH COPYRIGHT
+Copyright \(co 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+.br
+.na
+License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
+.br
+.ad
+This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
+There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
+.\" Local variables:
+.\" eval: (add-hook 'write-file-hooks 'time-stamp)
+.\" time-stamp-start: ".TH [A-Z_][A-Z0-9_.\\-]* [0-9] \""
+.\" time-stamp-format: "%:B %:d, %:y"
+.\" time-stamp-end: "\""
+.\" time-stamp-line-limit: 20
+.\" end:
+
projects / chaz / tar / commitdiff
