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diff --git a/src/cml/vector/external.h b/src/cml/vector/external.h
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+/* -*- C++ -*- ------------------------------------------------------------
+ 
+Copyright (c) 2007 Jesse Anders and Demian Nave http://cmldev.net/
+
+The Configurable Math Library (CML) is distributed under the terms of the
+Boost Software License, v1.0 (see cml/LICENSE for details).
+
+ *-----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+/** @file
+ *  @brief Specializations for external-memory vectors.
+ *
+ *  @note Copy-constructing one external<> vector from another is not
+ *  supported, since an external<> vector is essentially a wrapper for a
+ *  pointer and has no allocated storage of its own.
+ */
+
+#ifndef external_vector_h
+#define external_vector_h
+
+#include <cml/core/external_1D.h>
+#include <cml/vector/vector_expr.h>
+#include <cml/vector/class_ops.h>
+#include <cml/vector/vector_unroller.h>
+#include <cml/vector/dynamic.h>
+
+namespace cml {
+
+/** Fixed-size, fixed-memory vector. */
+template<typename Element, int Size>
+class vector< Element, external<Size> >
+: public external_1D<Element,Size>
+{
+  public:
+
+    /* Shorthand for the generator: */
+    typedef external<> storage_type;
+    typedef external<Size> generator_type;
+
+    /* Shorthand for the array type: */
+    typedef external_1D<Element,Size> array_type;
+
+    /* Shorthand for the type of this vector: */
+    typedef vector<Element,generator_type> vector_type;
+
+    /* For integration into the expression template code: */
+    typedef vector_type expr_type;
+
+    /* For integration into the expression template code: */
+    typedef vector< Element,fixed<Size> > temporary_type;
+    typedef typename temporary_type::subvector_type subvector_type;
+    /* Note: this ensures that an external vector is copied into the proper
+     * temporary; external<> temporaries are not allowed.
+     */
+
+    /* Standard: */
+    typedef typename array_type::value_type value_type;
+    typedef typename array_type::reference reference;
+    typedef typename array_type::const_reference const_reference;
+
+    /* For integration into the expression templates code: */
+    typedef vector_type& expr_reference;
+    typedef const vector_type& expr_const_reference;
+
+    /* For matching by storage type: */
+    typedef typename array_type::memory_tag memory_tag;
+
+    /* For matching by size type: */
+    typedef typename array_type::size_tag size_tag;
+
+    /* For matching by result-type: */
+    typedef cml::et::vector_result_tag result_tag;
+
+    /* For matching by assignability: */
+    typedef cml::et::assignable_tag assignable_tag;
+
+
+  public:
+
+    /** Return square of the length. */
+    value_type length_squared() const {
+        return cml::dot(*this,*this);
+    }
+
+    /** Return the length. */
+    value_type length() const {
+        return std::sqrt(length_squared());
+    }
+
+    /** Normalize the vector. */
+    vector_type& normalize() {
+        return (*this /= length());
+    }
+
+    /** Set this vector to [0]. */
+    vector_type& zero() {
+        typedef cml::et::OpAssign<Element,Element> OpT;
+        cml::et::UnrollAssignment<OpT>(*this,Element(0));
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    /** Set this vector to a cardinal vector. */
+    vector_type& cardinal(size_t i) {
+        zero();
+        (*this)[i] = Element(1);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    /** Pairwise minimum of this vector with another. */
+    template<typename E, class AT>
+    void minimize(const vector<E,AT>& v) {
+      /* XXX This should probably use ScalarPromote: */
+      for (size_t i = 0; i < this->size(); ++i) {
+        (*this)[i] = std::min((*this)[i],v[i]);
+      }
+    }
+
+    /** Pairwise maximum of this vector with another. */
+    template<typename E, class AT>
+    void maximize(const vector<E,AT>& v) {
+      /* XXX This should probably use ScalarPromote: */
+      for (size_t i = 0; i < this->size(); ++i) {
+        (*this)[i] = std::max((*this)[i],v[i]);
+      }
+    }
+
+    /** Fill vector with random elements. */
+    void random(value_type min, value_type max) {
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < this->size(); ++i) {
+            (*this)[i] = cml::random_real(min,max);
+        }
+    }
+
+
+  public:
+
+    /** Construct from an array of values. */
+    vector(Element* const array) : array_type(array) {}
+
+
+  public:
+
+    CML_ASSIGN_VEC_2
+    CML_ASSIGN_VEC_3
+    CML_ASSIGN_VEC_4
+
+    CML_VEC_ASSIGN_FROM_VECTYPE
+
+    /* Only assignment operators can be used to copy from other types: */
+    CML_VEC_ASSIGN_FROM_VEC(=, cml::et::OpAssign)
+    CML_VEC_ASSIGN_FROM_VEC(+=, cml::et::OpAddAssign)
+    CML_VEC_ASSIGN_FROM_VEC(-=, cml::et::OpSubAssign)
+
+    CML_VEC_ASSIGN_FROM_VECXPR(=, cml::et::OpAssign)
+    CML_VEC_ASSIGN_FROM_VECXPR(+=, cml::et::OpAddAssign)
+    CML_VEC_ASSIGN_FROM_VECXPR(-=, cml::et::OpSubAssign)
+
+    CML_VEC_ASSIGN_FROM_SCALAR(*=, cml::et::OpMulAssign)
+    CML_VEC_ASSIGN_FROM_SCALAR(/=, cml::et::OpDivAssign)
+};
+
+/** Run-time sized vector. */
+template<typename Element>
+class vector< Element, external<> >
+: public external_1D<Element>
+{
+  public:
+
+    /* Shorthand for the generator: */
+    typedef external<> storage_type;
+    typedef external<> generator_type;
+
+    /* Shorthand for the array type: */
+    typedef external_1D<Element> array_type;
+
+    /* Shorthand for the type of this vector: */
+    typedef vector<Element,generator_type> vector_type;
+
+    /* For integration into the expression template code: */
+    typedef vector_type expr_type;
+
+    /* For integration into the expression template code: */
+    typedef vector< Element, dynamic<> > temporary_type;
+    /* Note: this ensures that an external vector is copied into the proper
+     * temporary; external<> temporaries are not allowed.
+     */
+
+    /* Standard: */
+    typedef typename array_type::value_type value_type;
+    typedef typename array_type::reference reference;
+    typedef typename array_type::const_reference const_reference;
+
+    /* For integration into the expression templates code: */
+    typedef vector_type& expr_reference;
+    typedef const vector_type& expr_const_reference;
+
+    /* For matching by storage type: */
+    typedef typename array_type::memory_tag memory_tag;
+
+    /* For matching by size type: */
+    typedef typename array_type::size_tag size_tag;
+
+    /* For matching by resizability: */
+    typedef typename array_type::resizing_tag resizing_tag;
+
+    /* For matching by result-type: */
+    typedef cml::et::vector_result_tag result_tag;
+
+    /* For matching by assignability: */
+    typedef cml::et::assignable_tag assignable_tag;
+
+
+  public:
+
+    /** Return square of the length. */
+    value_type length_squared() const {
+        return dot(*this,*this);
+    }
+
+    /** Return the length. */
+    value_type length() const {
+        return std::sqrt(length_squared());
+    }
+
+    /** Normalize the vector. */
+    vector_type& normalize() {
+        return (*this /= length());
+    }
+
+    /** Set this vector to [0]. */
+    vector_type& zero() {
+        typedef cml::et::OpAssign<Element,Element> OpT;
+        cml::et::UnrollAssignment<OpT>(*this,Element(0));
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    /** Set this vector to a cardinal vector. */
+    vector_type& cardinal(size_t i) {
+        zero();
+        (*this)[i] = Element(1);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    /** Pairwise minimum of this vector with another. */
+    template<typename E, class AT>
+    void minimize(const vector<E,AT>& v) {
+      /* XXX This should probably use ScalarPromote: */
+      for (size_t i = 0; i < this->size(); ++i) {
+        (*this)[i] = std::min((*this)[i],v[i]);
+      }
+    }
+
+    /** Pairwise maximum of this vector with another. */
+    template<typename E, class AT>
+    void maximize(const vector<E,AT>& v) {
+      /* XXX This should probably use ScalarPromote: */
+      for (size_t i = 0; i < this->size(); ++i) {
+        (*this)[i] = std::max((*this)[i],v[i]);
+      }
+    }
+
+    /** Fill vector with random elements. */
+    void random(value_type min, value_type max) {
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < this->size(); ++i) {
+            (*this)[i] = random_real(min,max);
+        }
+    }
+
+
+  public:
+
+    /** Construct from an array of values and the size. */
+    vector(Element* const array, size_t size)
+        : array_type(array, size) {}
+
+
+  public:
+
+    /* Define class operators for external vectors. Note: external vectors
+     * cannot be copy-constructed, but they can be assigned to:
+     */
+    CML_ASSIGN_VEC_2
+    CML_ASSIGN_VEC_3
+    CML_ASSIGN_VEC_4
+
+    CML_VEC_ASSIGN_FROM_VECTYPE
+
+    /* Only assignment operators can be used to copy from other types: */
+    CML_VEC_ASSIGN_FROM_VEC(=, cml::et::OpAssign)
+    CML_VEC_ASSIGN_FROM_VEC(+=, cml::et::OpAddAssign)
+    CML_VEC_ASSIGN_FROM_VEC(-=, cml::et::OpSubAssign)
+
+    CML_VEC_ASSIGN_FROM_VECXPR(=, cml::et::OpAssign)
+    CML_VEC_ASSIGN_FROM_VECXPR(+=, cml::et::OpAddAssign)
+    CML_VEC_ASSIGN_FROM_VECXPR(-=, cml::et::OpSubAssign)
+
+    CML_VEC_ASSIGN_FROM_SCALAR(*=, cml::et::OpMulAssign)
+    CML_VEC_ASSIGN_FROM_SCALAR(/=, cml::et::OpDivAssign)
+};
+
+} // namespace cml
+
+#endif
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// vim:ft=cpp