#! /usr/bin/perl -w
# Display and edit the 'dev' field in tar's snapshots
# Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
# any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
# 02110-1301, USA.
#
# Author: Dustin J. Mitchell <dustin@zmanda.com>
#
# This script is capable of replacing values in the 'dev' field of an
# incremental backup 'snapshot' file.  This is useful when the device
# used to store files in a tar archive changes, without the files
# themselves changing.  This may happen when, for example, a device
# driver changes major or minor numbers.

use Getopt::Std;

## reading

sub read_incr_db ($) {
    my $filename = shift;
    open(my $file, "<$filename") || die "Could not open '$filename' for reading";

    my $header_str = <$file>;
    my $file_version;
    if ($header_str =~ /^GNU tar-[^-]*-([0-9]+)\n$/) {
	$file_version = $1+0;
    } else {
	$file_version = 0;
    }

    print "file version $file_version\n";

    if ($file_version == 0) {
	return read_incr_db_0($file, $header_str);
    } elsif ($file_version == 1) {
	return read_incr_db_1($file);
    } elsif ($file_version == 2) {
	return read_incr_db_2($file);
    } else {
	die "Unrecognized snapshot version in header '$header_str'";
    }
}

sub read_incr_db_0 ($$) {
    my $file = shift;
    my $header_str = shift;

    my $hdr_timestamp_sec = $header_str;
    chop $hdr_timestamp_sec;
    my $hdr_timestamp_nsec = ''; # not present in file format 0

    my @dirs;

    while (<$file>) {
	/^([0-9]*) ([0-9]*) (.*)\n$/ || die("Bad snapshot line $_");

	push @dirs, { dev=>$1,
		      ino=>$2,
		      name=>$3 };
    }

    close($file);

    # file version, timestamp, timestamp, dir list
    return [ 0, $hdr_timestamp_sec, $hdr_timestamp_nsec, \@dirs ];
}

sub read_incr_db_1 ($) {
    my $file = shift;

    my $timestamp = <$file>; # "sec nsec"
    my ($hdr_timestamp_sec, $hdr_timestamp_nsec) = ($timestamp =~ /([0-9]*) ([0-9]*)/);

    my @dirs;

    while (<$file>) {
	/^([0-9]*) ([0-9]*) ([0-9]*) ([0-9]*) (.*)\n$/ || die("Bad snapshot line $_");

	push @dirs, { timestamp_sec=>$1,
		      timestamp_nsec=>$2,
		      dev=>$3,
		      ino=>$4,
		      name=>$5 };
    }

    close($file);

    # file version, timestamp, timestamp, dir list
    return [ 1, $hdr_timestamp_sec, $hdr_timestamp_nsec, \@dirs ];
}

sub read_incr_db_2 ($) {
    my $file = shift;

    $/="\0"; # $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR
    my $hdr_timestamp_sec = <$file>;
    chop $hdr_timestamp_sec;
    my $hdr_timestamp_nsec = <$file>;
    chop $hdr_timestamp_nsec;
    my @dirs;

    while (1) {
	last if eof($file);

	my $nfs = <$file>;
	my $timestamp_sec = <$file>;
	my $timestamp_nsec = <$file>;
	my $dev = <$file>;
	my $ino = <$file>;
	my $name = <$file>;

	# get rid of trailing NULs
	chop $nfs;
	chop $timestamp_sec;
	chop $timestamp_nsec;
	chop $dev;
	chop $ino;
	chop $name;

	my @dirents;
	while (my $dirent = <$file>) {
	    chop $dirent;
	    push @dirents, $dirent;
	    last if ($dirent eq "");
	}
	die "missing terminator" unless (<$file> eq "\0");

	push @dirs, { nfs=>$nfs,
		      timestamp_sec=>$timestamp_sec,
		      timestamp_nsec=>$timestamp_nsec,
		      dev=>$dev,
		      ino=>$ino,
		      name=>$name,
		      dirents=>\@dirents };
    }

    close($file);
    $/ = "\n"; # reset to normal

    # file version, timestamp, timestamp, dir list
    return [ 2, $hdr_timestamp_sec, $hdr_timestamp_nsec, \@dirs ];
}

## display

sub show_device_counts ($$) {
    my $info = shift;
    my $filename = shift;
    my %devices;
    foreach my $dir (@{${@$info}[3]}) {
	my $dev = ${%$dir}{'dev'};
	$devices{$dev}++;
    }

    foreach $dev (sort keys %devices) {
	printf "$filename: Device 0x%04x occurs $devices{$dev} times.\n", $dev;
    }
}

## editing

sub replace_device_number ($@) {
    my $info = shift(@_);
    my @repl = @_;

    foreach my $dir (@{${@$info}[3]}) {
        foreach $x (@repl) {
	    if (${%$dir}{'dev'} eq $$x[0]) {
	        ${%$dir}{'dev'} = $$x[1];
                last;
            }
	}
    }
}

## writing

sub write_incr_db ($$) {
    my $info = shift;
    my $filename = shift;
    my $file_version = $$info[0];

    open($file, ">$filename") || die "Could not open '$filename' for writing";

    if ($file_version == 0) {
	write_incr_db_0($info, $file);
    } elsif ($file_version == 1) {
	write_incr_db_1($info, $file);
    } elsif ($file_version == 2) {
	write_incr_db_2($info, $file);
    } else {
	die "Unknown file version $file_version.";
    }

    close($file);
}

sub write_incr_db_0 ($$) {
    my $info = shift;
    my $file = shift;
    
    my $timestamp_sec = $info->[1];
    print $file "$timestamp_sec\n";

    foreach my $dir (@{${@$info}[3]}) {
	print $file "${%$dir}{'dev'} ";
	print $file "${%$dir}{'ino'} ";
	print $file "${%$dir}{'name'}\n";
    }
}


sub write_incr_db_1 ($$) {
    my $info = shift;
    my $file = shift;
    
    print $file "GNU tar-1.15-1\n";

    my $timestamp_sec = $info->[1];
    my $timestamp_nsec = $info->[2];
    print $file "$timestamp_sec $timestamp_nsec\n";

    foreach my $dir (@{${@$info}[3]}) {
	print $file "${%$dir}{'timestamp_sec'} ";
	print $file "${%$dir}{'timestamp_nsec'} ";
	print $file "${%$dir}{'dev'} ";
	print $file "${%$dir}{'ino'} ";
	print $file "${%$dir}{'name'}\n";
    }
}


sub write_incr_db_2 ($$) {
    my $info = shift;
    my $file = shift;
    
    print $file "GNU tar-1.16-2\n";

    my $timestamp_sec = $info->[1];
    my $timestamp_nsec = $info->[2];
    print $file $timestamp_sec . "\0";
    print $file $timestamp_nsec . "\0";

    foreach my $dir (@{${@$info}[3]}) {
	print $file ${%$dir}{'nfs'} . "\0";
	print $file ${%$dir}{'timestamp_sec'} . "\0";
	print $file ${%$dir}{'timestamp_nsec'} . "\0";
	print $file ${%$dir}{'dev'} . "\0";
	print $file ${%$dir}{'ino'} . "\0";
	print $file ${%$dir}{'name'} . "\0";
	foreach my $dirent (@{${%$dir}{'dirents'}}) {
	    print $file $dirent . "\0";
	}
	print $file "\0";
    }
}

## main

sub main {
    our ($opt_b, $opt_r, $opt_h);
    getopts('br:h');
    HELP_MESSAGE() if ($opt_h || $#ARGV == -1 || ($opt_b && !$opt_r));

    my @repl;
    if ($opt_r) {
	foreach my $spec (split(/,/, $opt_r)) {
	    ($spec =~ /^([^-]+)-([^-]+)/) || die "Invalid replacement specification '$opt_r'";
	    push @repl, [interpret_dev($1), interpret_dev($2)];
	}
    }

    foreach my $snapfile (@ARGV) {
	my $info = read_incr_db($snapfile);
	if ($opt_r ) {
	    if ($opt_b) {
		rename($snapfile, $snapfile . "~") || die "Could not rename '$snapfile' to backup";
	    }

	    replace_device_number($info, @repl);
	    write_incr_db($info, $snapfile);
	} else {
	    show_device_counts($info, $snapfile);
	}
    }
}

sub HELP_MESSAGE {
    print "Usage: tar-snapshot-edit.pl [-r 'DEV1-DEV2[,DEV3-DEV4...]' [-b]] SNAPFILE [SNAPFILE [..]]\n";
    print "\n";
    print "  Without -r, summarize the 'device' values in each SNAPFILE.\n";
    print "\n";
    print "  With -r, replace occurrences of DEV1 with DEV2 in each SNAPFILE.\n";
    print "  DEV1 and DEV2 may be specified in hex (e.g., 0xfe01), decimal (e.g.,\n";
    print "  65025), or MAJ:MIN (e.g., 254:1).  To replace multiple occurrences,\n";
    print "  separate them with commas.  If -b is also specified, backup\n";
    print "  files (ending with '~') will be created.\n";
    exit 1;
}

sub interpret_dev ($) {
    my $dev = shift;

    if ($dev =~ /^([0-9]+):([0-9]+)$/) {
	return $1 * 256 + $2;
    } elsif ($dev =~ /^0x[0-9a-fA-F]+$/) {
	return oct $dev;
    } elsif ($dev =~ /^[0-9]+$/) {
	return $dev+0;
    } else {
	die "Invalid device specification '$dev'";
    }
}

main