/*
 * CS5600 University of Utah
 * Charles McGarvey
 * mcgarvey@eng.utah.edu
 */

#include <errno.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

#include "common.h"
#include "mat.h"
#include "list.h"
#include "scene.h"
#include "tri.h"


#if PRE_NORMALS >= 2

#include "map.h"
DECLARE_AND_DEFINE_MAP_TYPE3(vec_t, list_t*, vnorm, vec_compare(*a, *b));


/*
 * Associate a triangle with one of its vertices.
 */
static void _find_normals_add_vertex(map_t* m, vec_t v, tri_t* t)
{
    list_t** l = map_vnorm_search(m, v);
    if (l == NULL) {
        map_vnorm_data_t* d = map_vnorm_insert(m, v, NULL);
        l = &d->val;
    }
    list_push(l, t);
}

/*
 * Associate a triangle with all of its vertices.
 */
static void _find_normals_add_triangle(map_t* m, tri_t* t)
{
    _find_normals_add_vertex(m, t->a.v, t);
    _find_normals_add_vertex(m, t->b.v, t);
    _find_normals_add_vertex(m, t->c.v, t);
}

/*
 * Calculate an averaged normal from a list of triangles that share a common
 * vertex.
 */
static void _find_normals_average(const vec_t* v, list_t** l)
{
    // first, compute the average normal
    vec_t n = VEC_ZERO;
    for (list_t* i = *l; i; i = i->link) {
        tri_t* t = (tri_t*)i->val;
        n = vec_add(n, tri_normal(*t));
    }
    n = vec_normalize(n);

    // set the normal on each triangle's vertex that is shared
    while (*l) {
        tri_t* t = (tri_t*)(*l)->val;
        if (vec_isequal(*v, t->a.v)) {
            t->a.n = n;
        }
        else if (vec_isequal(*v, t->b.v)) {
            t->b.n = n;
        }
        else if (vec_isequal(*v, t->c.v)) {
            t->c.n = n;
        }
        list_pop(l);
    }
}

#endif // PRE_NORMALS


/*
 * A group of triangles and a transformation.
 */
struct _group
{
    list_t*     triangles;
    mat_t       model;
    color_t     specular;
    scal_t      shininess;
    char*       name;
    int         count;
};
typedef struct _group _group_t;


#define _CHECK_IO(X) if ((X) <= 0) goto fail

/*
 * Try to read the triangle geometry from the cache file.
 */
static int _group_try_read_cache(const char* filename, list_t** l)
{
    char*   cachename  = mem_strcat(".", filename);
    FILE*   file = fopen(cachename, "rb");
    if (file == NULL) {
        goto fail;
    }

    int count = 0;
    _CHECK_IO(fread(&count, sizeof(count), 1, file));

    float x1, y1, z1, x2, y2, z2, x3, y3, z3;
    for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
        _CHECK_IO(fread(&x1, sizeof(float), 1, file));
        _CHECK_IO(fread(&y1, sizeof(float), 1, file));
        _CHECK_IO(fread(&z1, sizeof(float), 1, file));
        _CHECK_IO(fread(&x2, sizeof(float), 1, file));
        _CHECK_IO(fread(&y2, sizeof(float), 1, file));
        _CHECK_IO(fread(&z2, sizeof(float), 1, file));
        _CHECK_IO(fread(&x3, sizeof(float), 1, file));
        _CHECK_IO(fread(&y3, sizeof(float), 1, file));
        _CHECK_IO(fread(&z3, sizeof(float), 1, file));
        tri_t* t = tri_alloc(
            vert_new2((scal_t)x1, (scal_t)y1, (scal_t)z1),
            vert_new2((scal_t)x2, (scal_t)y2, (scal_t)z2),
            vert_new2((scal_t)x3, (scal_t)y3, (scal_t)z3)
        );
        list_push2(l, t, mem_free);
        _CHECK_IO(fread(&x1, sizeof(float), 1, file));
        _CHECK_IO(fread(&y1, sizeof(float), 1, file));
        _CHECK_IO(fread(&z1, sizeof(float), 1, file));
        _CHECK_IO(fread(&x2, sizeof(float), 1, file));
        _CHECK_IO(fread(&y2, sizeof(float), 1, file));
        _CHECK_IO(fread(&z2, sizeof(float), 1, file));
        _CHECK_IO(fread(&x3, sizeof(float), 1, file));
        _CHECK_IO(fread(&y3, sizeof(float), 1, file));
        _CHECK_IO(fread(&z3, sizeof(float), 1, file));
        t->a.n = vec_new((scal_t)x1, (scal_t)y1, (scal_t)z1);
        t->b.n = vec_new((scal_t)x2, (scal_t)y2, (scal_t)z2);
        t->c.n = vec_new((scal_t)x3, (scal_t)y3, (scal_t)z3);
    }

fail:
    mem_free(cachename);
    if (file != NULL) {
        fclose(file);
    }

    return count;
}

/*
 * Write the triangle data to the cache.
 */
static void _group_write_cache(const char* filename, int count, list_t* l)
{
    char*   cachename  = mem_strcat(".", filename);
    FILE*   file = fopen(cachename, "wb");
    if (file == NULL) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Cannot write %s: %s\n", cachename, strerror(errno));
        goto fail;
    }

    _CHECK_IO(fwrite(&count, sizeof(count), 1, file));
    for (list_t* i = l; i; i = i->link) {
        tri_t* t = (tri_t*)i->val;
        _CHECK_IO(fwrite(&t->a.v.x, sizeof(float), 1, file));
        _CHECK_IO(fwrite(&t->a.v.y, sizeof(float), 1, file));
        _CHECK_IO(fwrite(&t->a.v.z, sizeof(float), 1, file));
        _CHECK_IO(fwrite(&t->b.v.x, sizeof(float), 1, file));
        _CHECK_IO(fwrite(&t->b.v.y, sizeof(float), 1, file));
        _CHECK_IO(fwrite(&t->b.v.z, sizeof(float), 1, file));
        _CHECK_IO(fwrite(&t->c.v.x, sizeof(float), 1, file));
        _CHECK_IO(fwrite(&t->c.v.y, sizeof(float), 1, file));
        _CHECK_IO(fwrite(&t->c.v.z, sizeof(float), 1, file));
        _CHECK_IO(fwrite(&t->a.n.x, sizeof(float), 1, file));
        _CHECK_IO(fwrite(&t->a.n.y, sizeof(float), 1, file));
        _CHECK_IO(fwrite(&t->a.n.z, sizeof(float), 1, file));
        _CHECK_IO(fwrite(&t->b.n.x, sizeof(float), 1, file));
        _CHECK_IO(fwrite(&t->b.n.y, sizeof(float), 1, file));
        _CHECK_IO(fwrite(&t->b.n.z, sizeof(float), 1, file));
        _CHECK_IO(fwrite(&t->c.n.x, sizeof(float), 1, file));
        _CHECK_IO(fwrite(&t->c.n.y, sizeof(float), 1, file));
        _CHECK_IO(fwrite(&t->c.n.z, sizeof(float), 1, file));
    }

fail:
    mem_free(cachename);
    if (file != NULL) {
        fclose(file);
    }
}

#undef _CHECK_IO


/*
 * Destroy a group.
 */
static void _group_destroy(_group_t* g)
{
    mem_free(g->name);
    list_destroy(&g->triangles);
    mem_free(g);
}

/*
 * Allocate a group by reading raw triangle coordinates from a file.
 */
static _group_t* _group_alloc(const char* filename)
{
    _group_t* g = (_group_t*)mem_alloc(sizeof(_group_t));
    g->triangles = NULL;
    g->model = MAT_IDENTITY;
    g->name = mem_strdup(filename);
    g->count = 0;
    g->specular = COLOR_WHITE;
    g->shininess = S(64.0);

#if PRE_NORMALS == 3
    int r = _group_try_read_cache(filename, &g->triangles);
    if (0 < r) {
        g->count = r;
        return g;
    }
#endif

    FILE* file = fopen(filename, "r");
    if (file == NULL) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Cannot read %s: %s\n", filename, strerror(errno));
        _group_destroy(g);
        return NULL;
    }

#if PRE_NORMALS >= 2
    map_t*  m = map_vnorm_alloc();
#endif

    double x1, y1, z1, x2, y2, z2, x3, y3, z3;
    while (fscanf(file, " %lf %lf %lf %lf %lf %lf %lf %lf %lf",
                  &x1, &y1, &z1, &x2, &y2, &z2, &x3, &y3, &z3) == 9) {
        tri_t* t = tri_alloc(
            vert_new2((scal_t)x1, (scal_t)y1, (scal_t)z1),
            vert_new2((scal_t)x2, (scal_t)y2, (scal_t)z2),
            vert_new2((scal_t)x3, (scal_t)y3, (scal_t)z3)
        );
        list_push2(&g->triangles, t, mem_free);
        ++g->count;

#if PRE_NORMALS == 1
        vec_t n = vec_normalize(tri_normal(*t));
        t->a.n = n;
        t->b.n = n;
        t->c.n = n;
#elif PRE_NORMALS >= 2
        _find_normals_add_triangle(m, t);
#endif
    }

#if PRE_NORMALS >= 2
    map_vnorm_call(m, _find_normals_average);
    rbtree_destroy(m);
#if PRE_NORMALS == 3
    list_reverse(&g->triangles);
    _group_write_cache(filename, g->count, g->triangles);
#endif
#endif

    fclose(file);

    if (g->triangles == NULL) {
        fprintf(stderr, "No triangles read from %s\n", filename);
        _group_destroy(g);
        return NULL;
    }

    return g;
}


/*
 * Set the colors of the triangles in the group as defined in a file.
 */
static int _group_set_colors(_group_t* g, FILE* file)
{
    double r1, g1, b1, r2, g2, b2, r3, g3, b3;
    if (fscanf(file, " %lf %lf %lf %lf %lf %lf %lf %lf %lf",
               &r1, &g1, &b1, &r2, &g2, &b2, &r3, &g3, &b3) != 9) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Cannot read color values from scene.\n");
        return -1;
    }

    for (list_t* i = g->triangles; i; i = i->link) {
        tri_t* t = (tri_t*)i->val;
        t->a.c = color_new((colorchan_t)r1, (colorchan_t)g1, (colorchan_t)b1, S(1.0));
        t->b.c = color_new((colorchan_t)r2, (colorchan_t)g2, (colorchan_t)b2, S(1.0));
        t->c.c = color_new((colorchan_t)r3, (colorchan_t)g3, (colorchan_t)b3, S(1.0));
    }
    return 0;
}

/*
 * Concat a translation matrix to the transformation as defined in a file.
 */
static int _group_add_translate(_group_t* g, FILE* file)
{
    double tx, ty, tz;
    if (fscanf(file, " %lf %lf %lf", &tx, &ty, &tz) != 3) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Cannot read translate coordinates from scene.\n");
        return -1;
    }
    g->model = mat_mult(g->model, MAT_TRANSLATE((scal_t)tx, (scal_t)ty, (scal_t)tz));
    return 0;
}

/*
 * Concat a rotation matrix to the transformation as defined in a file.
 */
static int _group_add_rotate(_group_t* g, FILE* file)
{
    double theta, ax, ay, az;
    if (fscanf(file, " %lf %lf %lf %lf", &theta, &ax, &ay, &az) != 4) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Cannot read rotation angle from scene.\n");
        return -1;
    }
    g->model = mat_mult(g->model, MAT_ROTATE((scal_t)theta, (scal_t)ax, (scal_t)ay, (scal_t)az));
    return 0;
}

/*
 * Concat a scale matrix to the transformation as defined in a file.
 */
static int _group_add_scale(_group_t* g, FILE* file)
{
    double sx, sy, sz;
    if (fscanf(file, " %lf %lf %lf", &sx, &sy, &sz) != 3) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Cannot read scale factors from scene.\n");
        return -1;
    }
    g->model = mat_mult(g->model, MAT_SCALE((scal_t)sx, (scal_t)sy, (scal_t)sz));
    return 0;
}

/*
 * Set the specular highlight and shininess factor for the group.
 */
static int _group_set_material(_group_t* g, FILE* file)
{
    double sr, sg, sb, shininess;
    if (fscanf(file, " %lf %lf %lf %lf", &sr, &sg, &sb, &shininess) != 4) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Cannot read material information from scene.\n");
        return -1;
    }
    g->specular = color_new((scal_t)sr, (scal_t)sg, (scal_t)sb, S(1.0));
    g->shininess = (scal_t)shininess;
    return 0;
}


struct scene
{
    list_t* groups;
    int     w, h;
    mat_t   view;
    mat_t   projection;
    vec_t   eye;
    list_t* lights;
    color_t ambient;
};


/*
 * Set the ambient light properties of a scene.
 */
static int _scene_set_ambient(scene_t* s, FILE* file)
{
    double r, g, b;
    if (fscanf(file, " %lf %lf %lf", &r, &g, &b) != 3) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Cannot read ambient light from scene.\n");
        return -1;
    }
    s->ambient = color_new((scal_t)r, (scal_t)g, (scal_t)b, S(1.0));
    return 0;
}

static int _scene_add_light(scene_t* s, FILE* file)
{
    double lx, ly, lz, dr, dg, db, sr, sg, sb;
    if (fscanf(file, " %lf %lf %lf %lf %lf %lf %lf %lf %lf",
               &lx, &ly, &lz, &dr, &dg, &db, &sr, &sg, &sb) != 9) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Cannot read light values from scene.\n");
        return -1;
    }
    light_t* l = light_alloc(
            vec_new(lx, ly, lz),
            color_new(dr, dg, db, S(1.0)),
            color_new(sr, sg, sb, S(1.0))
    );
    list_push2(&s->lights, l, mem_free);
    return 0;
}


scene_t* scene_alloc(FILE* file)
{
    int w, h;
    double eyeX, eyeY, eyeZ, spotX, spotY, spotZ, upX, upY, upZ;
    double fovy, aspect, near, far;
    if (fscanf(file, "U3 %d %d %lf %lf %lf %lf %lf %lf %lf %lf %lf %lf %lf %lf %lf",
               &w, &h,
               &eyeX, &eyeY, &eyeZ, &spotX, &spotY, &spotZ, &upX, &upY, &upZ,
               &fovy, &aspect, &near, &far) != 15) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Cannot read scene header.\n");
        return NULL;
    }

    scene_t* s = (scene_t*)mem_alloc(sizeof(scene_t));
    s->groups = NULL;
    s->w = w;
    s->h = h;
    s->view = MAT_LOOKAT(vec_new( (scal_t)eyeX,  (scal_t)eyeY,  (scal_t)eyeZ),
                         vec_new((scal_t)spotX, (scal_t)spotY, (scal_t)spotZ),
                         vec_new(  (scal_t)upX,   (scal_t)upY,   (scal_t)upZ));
    s->eye = vec_new(eyeX, eyeY, eyeZ);
    s->projection = MAT_PERSPECTIVE((scal_t)fovy, (scal_t)aspect, (scal_t)near, (scal_t)far);
    s->lights = NULL;
    s->ambient = color_new(S(0.05), S(0.05), S(0.05), S(1.0));

    char grp_filename[4096];
    _group_t* g = NULL;

#define _ASSERT_G  \
if (g == NULL) { \
    fprintf(stderr, "Unexpected line before group is specified.\n"); \
    goto fail; \
}

    char type;
    while (fscanf(file, " %c", &type) == 1) {
        switch (type) {
            case 'g':
                if (fgets(grp_filename, 4096, file) == NULL) {
                    fprintf(stderr, "Cannot read raw triangle filename.\n");
                }
                trim(grp_filename);
                g = _group_alloc(grp_filename);
                if (g == NULL) {
                    goto fail;
                }
                list_push2(&s->groups, g, DTOR(_group_destroy));
                break;

            case 'c':
                _ASSERT_G;
                if (_group_set_colors(g, file) != 0) {
                    goto fail;
                }
                break;

            case 't':
                _ASSERT_G;
                if (_group_add_translate(g, file) != 0) {
                    goto fail;
                }
                break;

            case 'r':
                if (_group_add_rotate(g, file) != 0) {
                    goto fail;
                }
                break;

            case 's':
                _ASSERT_G;
                if (_group_add_scale(g, file) != 0) {
                    goto fail;
                }
                break;

            case 'A':
                if (_scene_set_ambient(s, file) != 0) {
                    goto fail;
                }
                break;

            case 'L':
                if (_scene_add_light(s, file) != 0) {
                    goto fail;
                }
                break;

            case 'M':
                _ASSERT_G;
                if (_group_set_material(g, file) != 0) {
                    goto fail;
                }
                break;

            case 'X':
                goto done;

            default:
                fprintf(stderr, "Unknown identifier: %c\n", type);
        }
    }
#undef _ASSERT_G

done:
    return s;

fail:
    scene_destroy(s);
    return NULL;
}

void scene_destroy(scene_t* s)
{
    list_destroy(&s->groups);
    list_destroy(&s->lights);
    mem_free(s);
}


raster_t* scene_render(scene_t* s)
{
#if VERBOSITY >= 3
    timer_start();
#endif

    raster_t* p = raster_alloc(s->w, s->h, COLOR_BLACK);
    raster_view(p, &s->view);
    raster_projection(p, &s->projection);
    raster_eye(p, s->eye);
    raster_ambient(p, s->ambient);

    for (list_t* i = s->lights; i; i = i->link) {
        raster_light(p, *(light_t*)i->val);
    }

#if VERBOSITY >= 4
#define PROGRESS_FMT "\033[80D\033[2K  %s\t %9d / %d"
    int tri;
    printf("render scene:\n");
#endif

    for (list_t* gi = s->groups; gi; gi = gi->link) {
        _group_t* g = (_group_t*)gi->val;
        raster_model(p, &g->model);
        raster_material(p, g->specular, g->shininess);
        IF_RENDER_PROGRESS(tri = 0);
        for (list_t* ti = g->triangles; ti; ti = ti->link) {
#if VERBOSITY >= 4
            if (++tri % 100 == 0) {
                printf(PROGRESS_FMT, g->name, tri, g->count);
                fflush(stdout);
            }
#endif
            raster_draw_tri(p, (tri_t*)ti->val);
        }
#if VERBOSITY >= 4
        printf(PROGRESS_FMT"\n", g->name, tri, g->count);
#endif
    }
    IF_RENDER_PROGRESS(printf("render complete!\n"));

#if VERBOSITY >= 3
    long dt = timer_stop();
    printf("time\t%.3fms\n", (float)dt / 1000.0f);
#endif

    return p;
}