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[chaz/p5-DBIx-Class-ResultSet-RecursiveUpdate] / lib / DBIx / Class / ResultSet / RecursiveUpdate.pm
1 use strict;
2 use warnings;
3
4 package DBIx::Class::ResultSet::RecursiveUpdate;
5
6 our $VERSION = '0.013';
7
8 use base qw(DBIx::Class::ResultSet);
9
10 sub recursive_update {
11 my ( $self, $updates, $fixed_fields ) = @_;
12 return
13 DBIx::Class::ResultSet::RecursiveUpdate::Functions::recursive_update(
14 resultset => $self,
15 updates => $updates,
16 fixed_fields => $fixed_fields
17 );
18 }
19
20 package DBIx::Class::ResultSet::RecursiveUpdate::Functions;
21 use Carp;
22 use Scalar::Util qw( blessed );
23 use List::MoreUtils qw/ any /;
24
25 sub recursive_update {
26 my %params = @_;
27 my ( $self, $updates, $fixed_fields, $object, $resolved,
28 $if_not_submitted )
29 = @params{
30 qw/resultset updates fixed_fields object resolved if_not_submitted/};
31 $resolved ||= {};
32
33 # warn 'entering: ' . $self->result_source->from();
34 carp 'fixed fields needs to be an array ref'
35 if $fixed_fields && ref($fixed_fields) ne 'ARRAY';
36 my %fixed_fields;
37 %fixed_fields = map { $_ => 1 } @$fixed_fields if $fixed_fields;
38 if ( blessed($updates) && $updates->isa('DBIx::Class::Row') ) {
39 return $updates;
40 }
41 if ( $updates->{id} ) {
42 $object = $self->find( $updates->{id}, { key => 'primary' } );
43 }
44 my @missing =
45 grep { !exists $updates->{$_} && !exists $fixed_fields{$_} }
46 $self->result_source->primary_columns;
47 if ( !$object && !scalar @missing ) {
48
49 # warn 'finding by: ' . Dumper( $updates ); use Data::Dumper;
50 $object = $self->find( $updates, { key => 'primary' } );
51 }
52 $updates = { %$updates, %$resolved };
53 @missing =
54 grep { !exists $resolved->{$_} } @missing;
55 if ( !$object && !scalar @missing ) {
56
57 # warn 'finding by +resolved: ' . Dumper( $updates ); use Data::Dumper;
58 $object = $self->find( $updates, { key => 'primary' } );
59 }
60 $object ||= $self->new( {} );
61
62 # warn Dumper( $updates ); use Data::Dumper;
63 # direct column accessors
64 my %columns;
65
66 # relations that that should be done before the row is inserted into the
67 # database like belongs_to
68 my %pre_updates;
69
70 # relations that that should be done after the row is inserted into the
71 # database like has_many, might_have and has_one
72 my %post_updates;
73 my %other_methods;
74 my %columns_by_accessor = _get_columns_by_accessor($self);
75
76 # warn 'resolved: ' . Dumper( $resolved );
77 # warn 'updates: ' . Dumper( $updates ); use Data::Dumper;
78 # warn 'columns: ' . Dumper( \%columns_by_accessor );
79 for my $name ( keys %$updates ) {
80 my $source = $self->result_source;
81
82 # columns
83 if ( exists $columns_by_accessor{$name}
84 && !( $source->has_relationship($name)
85 && ref( $updates->{$name} ) ) )
86 {
87
88 #warn "$name is a column\n";
89 $columns{$name} = $updates->{$name};
90 next;
91 }
92
93 # relationships
94 if ( $source->has_relationship($name) ) {
95 if ( _master_relation_cond( $self, $name ) ) {
96
97 #warn "$name is a pre-update rel\n";
98 $pre_updates{$name} = $updates->{$name};
99 next;
100 }
101 else {
102
103 #warn "$name is a post-update rel\n";
104 $post_updates{$name} = $updates->{$name};
105 next;
106 }
107 }
108
109 # many-to-many helper accessors
110 if ( is_m2m( $self, $name ) ) {
111
112 #warn "$name is a many-to-many helper accessor\n";
113 $other_methods{$name} = $updates->{$name};
114 next;
115 }
116
117 # accessors
118 if ( $object->can($name) && not $source->has_relationship($name) ) {
119
120 #warn "$name is an accessor";
121 $other_methods{$name} = $updates->{$name};
122 next;
123 }
124
125 # unknown
126 # TODO: don't throw a warning instead of an exception to give users
127 # time to adapt to the new API
128 $self->throw_exception(
129 "No such column, relationship, many-to-many helper accessor or generic accessor '$name'"
130 );
131 }
132
133 # warn 'other: ' . Dumper( \%other_methods ); use Data::Dumper;
134
135 # first update columns and other accessors
136 # so that later related records can be found
137 for my $name ( keys %columns ) {
138
139 #warn "update col $name\n";
140 $object->$name( $columns{$name} );
141 }
142 for my $name ( keys %other_methods ) {
143
144 #warn "update other $name\n";
145 $object->$name( $updates->{$name} );
146 }
147 for my $name ( keys %pre_updates ) {
148
149 #warn "pre_update $name\n";
150 _update_relation( $self, $name, $pre_updates{$name}, $object,
151 $if_not_submitted );
152 }
153
154 # $self->_delete_empty_auto_increment($object);
155 # don't allow insert to recurse to related objects
156 # do the recursion ourselves
157 # $object->{_rel_in_storage} = 1;
158 #warn "CHANGED: " . $object->is_changed . "\n":
159 #warn "IN STOR: " . $object->in_storage . "\n";
160 $object->update_or_insert if $object->is_changed;
161 $object->discard_changes;
162
163 # updating many_to_many
164 for my $name ( keys %$updates ) {
165 next if exists $columns{$name};
166 my $value = $updates->{$name};
167
168 if ( is_m2m( $self, $name ) ) {
169
170 #warn "update m2m $name\n";
171 my ($pk) = _get_pk_for_related( $self, $name );
172 my @rows;
173 my $result_source = $object->$name->result_source;
174 my @updates;
175 if ( !defined $value ) {
176 next;
177 }
178 elsif ( ref $value ) {
179 @updates = @{$value};
180 }
181 else {
182 @updates = ($value);
183 }
184 for my $elem (@updates) {
185 if ( ref $elem ) {
186 push @rows,
187 recursive_update(
188 resultset => $result_source->resultset,
189 updates => $elem
190 );
191 }
192 else {
193 push @rows,
194 $result_source->resultset->find( { $pk => $elem } );
195 }
196 }
197 my $set_meth = 'set_' . $name;
198 $object->$set_meth( \@rows );
199 }
200 }
201 for my $name ( keys %post_updates ) {
202
203 #warn "post_update $name\n";
204 _update_relation( $self, $name, $post_updates{$name}, $object,
205 $if_not_submitted );
206 }
207 return $object;
208 }
209
210 # returns DBIx::Class::ResultSource::column_info as a hash indexed by column accessor || name
211 sub _get_columns_by_accessor {
212 my $self = shift;
213 my $source = $self->result_source;
214 my %columns;
215 for my $name ( $source->columns ) {
216 my $info = $source->column_info($name);
217 $info->{name} = $name;
218 $columns{ $info->{accessor} || $name } = $info;
219 }
220 return %columns;
221 }
222
223 # Arguments: $rs, $name, $updates, $row, $if_not_submitted
224 sub _update_relation {
225 my ( $self, $name, $updates, $object, $if_not_submitted ) = @_;
226
227 # this should never happen because we're checking the paramters passed to
228 # recursive_update, but just to be sure...
229 $object->throw_exception("No such relationship '$name'")
230 unless $object->has_relationship($name);
231
232 #warn "_update_relation $name: OBJ: " . ref($object) . "\n";
233
234 my $info = $object->result_source->relationship_info($name);
235
236 # get a related resultset without a condition
237 my $related_resultset =
238 $self->related_resultset($name)->result_source->resultset;
239 my $resolved;
240 if ( $self->result_source->can('_resolve_condition') ) {
241 $resolved =
242 $self->result_source->_resolve_condition( $info->{cond}, $name,
243 $object );
244 }
245 else {
246 $self->throw_exception(
247 "result_source must support _resolve_condition");
248 }
249
250 # warn "$name resolved: " . Dumper( $resolved ); use Data::Dumper;
251 $resolved = {}
252 if defined $DBIx::Class::ResultSource::UNRESOLVABLE_CONDITION
253 && $DBIx::Class::ResultSource::UNRESOLVABLE_CONDITION
254 == $resolved;
255
256 my @rel_cols = keys %{ $info->{cond} };
257 map {s/^foreign\.//} @rel_cols;
258
259 #warn "REL_COLS: " . Dumper(@rel_cols); use Data::Dumper;
260 my $rel_col_cnt = scalar @rel_cols;
261
262 # find out if all related columns are nullable
263 my $all_fks_nullable = 1;
264 for my $rel_col (@rel_cols) {
265 $all_fks_nullable = 0
266 unless $related_resultset->result_source->column_info($rel_col)
267 ->{is_nullable};
268 }
269
270 #warn "\tNULLABLE: $all_fks_nullable\n";
271 $if_not_submitted = $all_fks_nullable ? 'nullify' : 'delete'
272 unless defined $if_not_submitted;
273
274 # handle undef
275 #if (not defined $updates && $if_not_submitted eq 'delete') {
276 # warn "$name " . ref $object;
277 # $object->related_resultset($name)->delete;
278 # return;
279 #}
280
281 #warn "RELINFO for $name: " . Dumper($info); use Data::Dumper;
282
283 # the only valid datatype for a has_many rels is an arrayref
284 if ( $info->{attrs}{accessor} eq 'multi' ) {
285 $self->throw_exception(
286 "data for has_many relationship '$name' must be an arrayref")
287 unless ref $updates eq 'ARRAY';
288
289 my @updated_objs;
290
291 #warn "\tupdating has_many rel '$name' ($rel_col_cnt columns cols)\n";
292 for my $sub_updates ( @{$updates} ) {
293 my $sub_object = recursive_update(
294 resultset => $related_resultset,
295 updates => $sub_updates,
296 resolved => $resolved
297 );
298
299 push @updated_objs, $sub_object;
300 }
301
302 #warn "\tcreated and updated related rows\n";
303
304 my @cond;
305 my @related_pks = $related_resultset->result_source->primary_columns;
306 for my $obj (@updated_objs) {
307 my %cond_for_obj;
308 for my $col (@related_pks) {
309 $cond_for_obj{$col} = $obj->get_column($col);
310 }
311 push @cond, \%cond_for_obj;
312 }
313 my %cond = ( -not => [@cond] );
314
315 #warn "\tCOND: " . Dumper(\%cond);
316 my $rs_rel_delist = $object->$name->search_rs( \%cond );
317
318 #my $rel_delist_cnt = $rs_rel_delist->count;
319 my @foo = $rs_rel_delist->all;
320 if ( $if_not_submitted eq 'delete' ) {
321
322 #warn "\tdeleting related rows: $rel_delist_cnt\n";
323 $rs_rel_delist->delete;
324
325 # # only handles related result classes with single primary keys
326 # if ( 1 == $rel_col_cnt ) {
327 # $object->$name->search(
328 # { $rel_cols[0] =>
329 # { -not_in => [ map ( $_->id, @updated_objs ) ] }
330 # }
331 # )->delete;
332 # }
333 # else {
334 # warn "multi-column relationships aren't supported\n";
335 # }
336 }
337 elsif ( $if_not_submitted eq 'set_to_null' ) {
338
339 #warn "\tnullifying related rows: $rel_delist_cnt\n";
340 my %update = map { $_ => undef } @rel_cols;
341 $rs_rel_delist->update( \%update );
342
343 # # only handles related result classes with single primary keys
344 # if ( 1 == $rel_col_cnt ) {
345 # $object->$name->search(
346 # { $rel_cols[0] =>
347 # { -not_in => [ map ( $_->id, @updated_objs ) ] }
348 # }
349 # )->update( { $rel_cols[0] => undef } );
350 # }
351 # else {
352 # warn "multi-column relationships aren't supported\n";
353 # }
354 }
355 }
356 elsif ($info->{attrs}{accessor} eq 'single'
357 || $info->{attrs}{accessor} eq 'filter' )
358 {
359
360 #warn "\tupdating rel '$name': $if_not_submitted\n";
361 my $sub_object;
362 if ( ref $updates ) {
363
364 # for might_have relationship
365 if ( $info->{attrs}{accessor} eq 'single'
366 && defined $object->$name )
367 {
368 $sub_object = recursive_update(
369 resultset => $related_resultset,
370 updates => $updates,
371 object => $object->$name
372 );
373 }
374 else {
375 $sub_object = recursive_update(
376 resultset => $related_resultset,
377 updates => $updates,
378 resolved => $resolved
379 );
380 }
381 }
382 else {
383 $sub_object = $related_resultset->find($updates)
384 unless (
385 !$updates
386 && ( exists $info->{attrs}{join_type}
387 && $info->{attrs}{join_type} eq 'LEFT' )
388 );
389 }
390 $object->set_from_related( $name, $sub_object )
391 unless (
392 !$sub_object
393 && !$updates
394 && ( exists $info->{attrs}{join_type}
395 && $info->{attrs}{join_type} eq 'LEFT' )
396 );
397 }
398 else {
399 $self->throw_exception(
400 "recursive_update doesn't now how to handle relationship '$name' with accessor "
401 . $info->{attrs}{accessor} );
402 }
403 }
404
405 sub is_m2m {
406 my ( $self, $relation ) = @_;
407 my $rclass = $self->result_class;
408
409 # DBIx::Class::IntrospectableM2M
410 if ( $rclass->can('_m2m_metadata') ) {
411 return $rclass->_m2m_metadata->{$relation};
412 }
413 my $object = $self->new( {} );
414 if ( $object->can($relation)
415 and !$self->result_source->has_relationship($relation)
416 and $object->can( 'set_' . $relation ) )
417 {
418 return 1;
419 }
420 return;
421 }
422
423 sub get_m2m_source {
424 my ( $self, $relation ) = @_;
425 my $rclass = $self->result_class;
426
427 # DBIx::Class::IntrospectableM2M
428 if ( $rclass->can('_m2m_metadata') ) {
429 return $self->result_source->related_source(
430 $rclass->_m2m_metadata->{$relation}{relation} )
431 ->related_source(
432 $rclass->_m2m_metadata->{$relation}{foreign_relation} );
433 }
434 my $object = $self->new( {} );
435 my $r = $object->$relation;
436 return $r->result_source;
437 }
438
439 sub _delete_empty_auto_increment {
440 my ( $self, $object ) = @_;
441 for my $col ( keys %{ $object->{_column_data} } ) {
442 if ($object->result_source->column_info($col)->{is_auto_increment}
443 and ( !defined $object->{_column_data}{$col}
444 or $object->{_column_data}{$col} eq '' )
445 )
446 {
447 delete $object->{_column_data}{$col};
448 }
449 }
450 }
451
452 sub _get_pk_for_related {
453 my ( $self, $relation ) = @_;
454 my $result_source;
455 if ( $self->result_source->has_relationship($relation) ) {
456 $result_source = $self->result_source->related_source($relation);
457 }
458
459 # many to many case
460 if ( is_m2m( $self, $relation ) ) {
461 $result_source = get_m2m_source( $self, $relation );
462 }
463 return $result_source->primary_columns;
464 }
465
466 # This function determines wheter a relationship should be done before or
467 # after the row is inserted into the database
468 # relationships before: belongs_to
469 # relationships after: has_many, might_have and has_one
470 # true means before, false after
471 sub _master_relation_cond {
472 my ( $self, $name ) = @_;
473
474 my $source = $self->result_source;
475 my $info = $source->relationship_info($name);
476
477 #warn "INFO: " . Dumper($info) . "\n";
478
479 # has_many rels are always after
480 return 0
481 if $info->{attrs}->{accessor} eq 'multi';
482
483 my @foreign_ids = _get_pk_for_related( $self, $name );
484
485 #warn "IDS: " . join(', ', @foreign_ids) . "\n";
486
487 my $cond = $info->{cond};
488
489 sub _inner {
490 my ( $source, $cond, @foreign_ids ) = @_;
491
492 while ( my ( $f_key, $col ) = each %{$cond} ) {
493
494 # might_have is not master
495 $col =~ s/^self\.//;
496 $f_key =~ s/^foreign\.//;
497 if ( $source->column_info($col)->{is_auto_increment} ) {
498 return 0;
499 }
500 if ( any { $_ eq $f_key } @foreign_ids ) {
501 return 1;
502 }
503 }
504 return 0;
505 }
506
507 if ( ref $cond eq 'HASH' ) {
508 return _inner( $source, $cond, @foreign_ids );
509 }
510
511 # arrayref of hashrefs
512 elsif ( ref $cond eq 'ARRAY' ) {
513 for my $new_cond (@$cond) {
514 return _inner( $source, $new_cond, @foreign_ids );
515 }
516 }
517 else {
518 $source->throw_exception(
519 "unhandled relation condition " . ref($cond) );
520 }
521 return;
522 }
523
524 1; # Magic true value required at end of module
525 __END__
526
527 =head1 NAME
528
529 DBIx::Class::ResultSet::RecursiveUpdate - like update_or_create - but recursive
530
531 =head1 SYNOPSIS
532
533 The functional interface:
534
535 my $new_item = DBIx::Class::ResultSet::RecursiveUpdate::Functions::recursive_update({
536 resultset => $schema->resultset( 'Dvd' ),
537 updates => {
538 id => 1,
539 owned_dvds => [
540 {
541 title => 'One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest'
542 }
543 ]
544 }
545 });
546
547
548 As ResultSet subclass:
549
550 __PACKAGE__->load_namespaces( default_resultset_class => '+DBIx::Class::ResultSet::RecursiveUpdate' );
551
552 in the Schema file (see t/lib/DBSchema.pm). Or appriopriate 'use base' in the ResultSet classes.
553
554 Then:
555
556 my $user = $user_rs->recursive_update( {
557 id => 1,
558 owned_dvds => [
559 {
560 title => 'One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest'
561 }
562 ]
563 }
564 );
565
566
567 =head1 DESCRIPTION
568
569 This is still experimental. I've added a functional interface so that it can be used
570 in Form Processors and not require modification of the model.
571
572 You can feed the ->create method with a recursive datastructure and have the related records
573 created. Unfortunately you cannot do a similar thing with update_or_create - this module
574 tries to fill that void.
575
576 It is a base class for ResultSets providing just one method: recursive_update
577 which works just like update_or_create but can recursively update or create
578 data objects composed of multiple rows. All rows need to be identified by primary keys
579 - so you need to provide them in the update structure (unless they can be deduced from
580 the parent row - for example when you have a belongs_to relationship).
581 If not all colums comprising the primary key are specified - then a new row will be created,
582 with the expectation that the missing columns will be filled by it (as in the case of auto_increment
583 primary keys).
584
585
586 If the resultset itself stores an assignement for the primary key,
587 like in the case of:
588
589 my $restricted_rs = $user_rs->search( { id => 1 } );
590
591 then you need to inform recursive_update about additional predicate with a second argument:
592
593 my $user = $restricted_rs->recursive_update( {
594 owned_dvds => [
595 {
596 title => 'One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest'
597 }
598 ]
599 },
600 [ 'id' ]
601 );
602
603 This will work with a new DBIC release.
604
605 For a many_to_many (pseudo) relation you can supply a list of primary keys
606 from the other table - and it will link the record at hand to those and
607 only those records identified by them. This is convenient for handling web
608 forms with check boxes (or a SELECT box with multiple choice) that let you
609 update such (pseudo) relations.
610
611 For a description how to set up base classes for ResultSets see load_namespaces
612 in DBIx::Class::Schema.
613
614 =head1 DESIGN CHOICES
615
616 Columns and relationships which are excluded from the updates hashref aren't
617 touched at all.
618
619 =head2 Treatment of belongs_to relations
620
621 In case the relationship is included but undefined in the updates hashref,
622 all columns forming the relationship will be set to null.
623 If not all of them are nullable, DBIx::Class will throw an error.
624
625 Updating the relationship:
626
627 my $dvd = $dvd_rs->recursive_update( {
628 id => 1,
629 owner => $user->id,
630 });
631
632 Clearing the relationship (only works if cols are nullable!):
633
634 my $dvd = $dvd_rs->recursive_update( {
635 id => 1,
636 owner => undef,
637 });
638
639 =head2 Treatment of might_have relationships
640
641 In case the relationship is included but undefined in the updates hashref,
642 all columns forming the relationship will be set to null.
643
644 Updating the relationship:
645
646 my $user = $user_rs->recursive_update( {
647 id => 1,
648 address => {
649 street => "101 Main Street",
650 city => "Podunk",
651 state => "New York",
652 }
653 });
654
655 Clearing the relationship:
656
657 my $user = $user_rs->recursive_update( {
658 id => 1,
659 address => undef,
660 });
661
662 =head2 Treatment of has_many relations
663
664 If a relationship key is included in the data structure with a value of undef
665 or an empty array, all existing related rows will be deleted, or their foreign
666 key columns will be set to null.
667
668 The exact behaviour depends on the nullability of the foreign key columns and
669 the value of the "if_not_submitted" parameter. The parameter defaults to
670 undefined which neither nullifies nor deletes.
671
672 When the array contains elements they are updated if they exist, created when
673 not and deleted if not included.
674
675 =head3 All foreign table columns are nullable
676
677 In this case recursive_update defaults to nullifying the foreign columns.
678
679 =head3 Not all foreign table columns are nullable
680
681 In this case recursive_update deletes the foreign rows.
682
683 Updating the relationship:
684
685 Passing ids:
686
687 my $dvd = $dvd_rs->recursive_update( {
688 id => 1,
689 tags => [1, 2],
690 });
691
692 Passing hashrefs:
693
694 my $dvd = $dvd_rs->recursive_update( {
695 id => 1,
696 tags => [
697 {
698 id => 1,
699 file => 'file0'
700 },
701 {
702 id => 2,
703 file => 'file1',
704 },
705 ],
706 });
707
708 Passing objects:
709
710 TODO
711
712 You can even mix them:
713
714 my $dvd = $dvd_rs->recursive_update( {
715 id => 1,
716 tags => [ '2', { id => '3' } ],
717 });
718
719 Clearing the relationship:
720
721 my $dvd = $dvd_rs->recursive_update( {
722 id => 1,
723 tags => undef,
724 });
725
726 This is the same as passing an empty array:
727
728 my $dvd = $dvd_rs->recursive_update( {
729 id => 1,
730 tags => [],
731 });
732
733 =head2 Treatment of many-to-many pseudo relations
734
735 The function gets the information about m2m relations from DBIx::Class::IntrospectableM2M.
736 If it isn't loaded in the ResultSource classes the code relies on the fact that:
737
738 if($object->can($name) and
739 !$object->result_source->has_relationship($name) and
740 $object->can( 'set_' . $name )
741 )
742
743 Then $name must be a many to many pseudo relation.
744 And that in a similarly ugly was I find out what is the ResultSource of
745 objects from that many to many pseudo relation.
746
747
748 =head1 INTERFACE
749
750 =head1 METHODS
751
752 =head2 recursive_update
753
754 The method that does the work here.
755
756 =head2 is_m2m
757
758 $self->is_m2m( 'name ' ) - answers the question if 'name' is a many to many
759 (pseudo) relation on $self.
760
761 =head2 get_m2m_source
762
763 $self->get_m2m_source( 'name' ) - returns the ResultSource linked to by the many
764 to many (pseudo) relation 'name' from $self.
765
766
767 =head1 DIAGNOSTICS
768
769
770 =head1 CONFIGURATION AND ENVIRONMENT
771
772 DBIx::Class::RecursiveUpdate requires no configuration files or environment variables.
773
774 =head1 DEPENDENCIES
775
776 DBIx::Class
777
778 =head1 INCOMPATIBILITIES
779
780 None reported.
781
782
783 =head1 BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
784
785 No bugs have been reported.
786
787 Please report any bugs or feature requests to
788 C<bug-dbix-class-recursiveput@rt.cpan.org>, or through the web interface at
789 L<http://rt.cpan.org>.
790
791
792 =head1 AUTHOR
793
794 Zbigniew Lukasiak C<< <zby@cpan.org> >>
795 Influenced by code by Pedro Melo.
796
797 =head1 LICENCE AND COPYRIGHT
798
799 Copyright (c) 2008, Zbigniew Lukasiak C<< <zby@cpan.org> >>. All rights reserved.
800
801 This module is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
802 modify it under the same terms as Perl itself. See L<perlartistic>.
803
804
805 =head1 DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY
806
807 BECAUSE THIS SOFTWARE IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
808 FOR THE SOFTWARE, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN
809 OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
810 PROVIDE THE SOFTWARE "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER
811 EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
812 WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE
813 ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE SOFTWARE IS WITH
814 YOU. SHOULD THE SOFTWARE PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL
815 NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR, OR CORRECTION.
816
817 IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
818 WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
819 REDISTRIBUTE THE SOFTWARE AS PERMITTED BY THE ABOVE LICENCE, BE
820 LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL,
821 OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE
822 THE SOFTWARE (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING
823 RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A
824 FAILURE OF THE SOFTWARE TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER SOFTWARE), EVEN IF
825 SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
826 SUCH DAMAGES.
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